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Cambridge Empower B1 • Pre-Intermediate

Unit 6: Body & Health

Master medical terms, physical symptoms, fitness vocabulary, communicative clinic consultations, and modals of obligation, prohibition, permission & advice (Must, Have to, Mustn't, Don't have to, Should, Can).

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symptom

/ˈsɪmp.təm/ • noun
6A
عَرَض مرضي / علامة مرضية
A physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease.
"A persistent cough and high fever are common symptoms of respiratory infections."
Related: sign, indication, manifestation

infection

/ɪnˈfek.ʃən/ • noun
6A
عدوى / التهاب جرثومي
The invasion and multiplication of microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses in body tissues.
"The doctor prescribed antibiotics to clear the bacterial throat infection."
Related: inflammation, contagion, illness

inflammation

/ˌɪn.fləˈmeɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6A
التهاب / تورم واحمرار موضعي
A localized physical condition in which part of the body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful.
"Applying an ice pack helped reduce the inflammation in his sprained ankle."
Related: swelling, redness, soreness

fever

/ˈfiː.vər/ • noun
6A
حمّى / ارتفاع درجة حرارة الجسم
An abnormally high body temperature, usually accompanied by shivering and headache.
"The child stayed home from school because he had a high fever."
Related: temperature, chills, pyrexia

dizziness

/ˈdɪz.i.nəs/ • noun
6A
دوخة / دوار واختلال التوازن
A sensation of spinning around and losing one's balance.
"Dehydration in hot weather can quickly lead to severe dizziness and fatigue."
Related: vertigo, lightheadedness, giddiness

fatigue

/fəˈtiːɡ/ • noun
6A
إرهاق شديد / تعب وإنهاك جسدي
Extreme tiredness resulting from mental or physical exertion or illness.
"Chronic fatigue can affect concentration, immune response, and overall productivity."
Related: exhaustion, weariness, lethargy

nausea

/ˈnɔː.zi.ə/ • noun
6A
غثيان / شعور بالرغبة في التقيؤ
A feeling of sickness with an inclination to vomit.
"He experienced mild nausea after the long boat trip in rough seas."
Related: queasiness, sickness, upset stomach

insomnia

/ɪnˈsɒm.ni.ə/ • noun
6A
أرق / صعوبة واضطراب النوم
Habitual sleeplessness; inability to sleep adequately.
"Reducing screen time before bed helps alleviate chronic insomnia."
Related: sleeplessness, restlessness

sprain

/spreɪn/ • verb / noun
6A
يلتوي المفصل / التواء أو وثء
Wrench or twist the ligaments of an ankle, wrist, or other joint violently so as to cause pain and swelling.
"He sprained his wrist while playing basketball on the concrete court."
Related: twist, wrench, strain

fracture

/ˈfræk.tʃər/ • noun / verb
6A
كسر أو شرخ في العظم
The cracking or breaking of a hard object or material, especially a bone.
"The X-ray revealed a minor hairline fracture in his left collarbone."
Related: break, crack, fissure

congestion

/kənˈdʒes.tʃən/ • noun
6A
احتقان (في الأنف أو الصدر)
The state of being congested; excessive accumulation of fluid or mucus.
"Nasal sprays can provide immediate relief from sinus congestion."
Related: blockage, clogging, stuffiness

swelling

/ˈswel.ɪŋ/ • noun
6A
انتفاخ وتورم موضعي
An abnormal enlargement of a part of the body, typically as a result of an accumulation of fluid.
"The doctor examined the severe swelling around the patient's elbow joint."
Related: edema, puffiness, inflammation

bruise

/bruːz/ • noun / verb
6A
كدمة / رضّ ملون تحت الجلد
An injury appearing as an area of discolored skin on the body, caused by a blow or impact rupturing underlying blood vessels.
"He had a dark purple bruise on his thigh after the football collision."
Related: contusion, mark, blemish

rash

/ræʃ/ • noun
6A
طفح جلدي / حساسية جلدية
An area of redness and small spots on a person's skin, caused by illness or an allergic reaction.
"The pharmacist gave her a soothing cream for the itchy skin rash."
Related: eruption, outbreak, hives

muscle cramp

/ˈmʌs.əl kræmp/ • noun
6A
تقلص أو شد عضلي مفاجئ
A sudden, involuntary, painful contraction of a muscle or group of muscles.
"Swimmers often experience calf muscle cramps if they do not warm up properly."
Related: spasm, contraction, twitch

tendon

/ˈten.dən/ • noun
6A
وتر عضلي
A flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
"Stretching exercises keep tendons supple and reduce the risk of sports injuries."
Related: ligament, sinew, connective tissue

joint

/dʒɔɪnt/ • noun
6A
مفصل عظمي (كالركبة والكتف)
A structure in the human body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
"Regular walking keeps hip and knee joints healthy and mobile."
Related: articulation, hinge, connection

spine

/spaɪn/ • noun
6A
العمود الفقري
The series of vertebrae extending from the skull to the lower back, enclosing the spinal cord.
"Ergonomic office chairs help maintain proper alignment of the spine."
Related: backbone, vertebral column

pulse

/pʌls/ • noun
6A
نبض القلب
The rhythmical throbbing of arteries as blood is propelled through them.
"The nurse checked his pulse and noted that his heart rate was seventy beats per minute."
Related: heartbeat, rhythm, pulsation

chest pain

/tʃest peɪn/ • noun
6A
ألم في الصدر
Discomfort or pain felt anywhere along the front of the body between the neck and upper abdomen.
"Sudden severe chest pain requires immediate emergency medical evaluation."
Related: angina, thoracic pain

prescription

/prɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/ • noun
6B
وصفة طبية / روشتة علاجية
An instruction written by a medical practitioner that authorizes a patient to be provided a medicine or treatment.
"You must present this prescription at the pharmacy to collect your medication."
Related: order, script, recipe

antibiotic

/ˌæn.ti.baɪˈɒt.ɪk/ • noun
6B
مضاد حيوي
A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms such as bacteria.
"Always finish the full course of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor."
Related: antimicrobial, antibacterial

painkiller

/ˈpeɪnˌkɪl.ər/ • noun
6B
مسكن للآلام
A drug or medicine for relieving physical pain.
"Over-the-counter painkillers like paracetamol can reduce mild headache discomfort."
Related: analgesic, pain reliever

dosage

/ˈdəʊ.sɪdʒ/ • noun
6B
الجرعة الدوائية المحددة
The size or frequency of a dose of a medicine or drug.
"Do not exceed the recommended dosage stated on the medicine label."
Related: dose, quantity, measure

ointment

/ˈɔɪnt.mənt/ • noun
6B
مرهم أو دهان موضعي
A smooth oily preparation that is rubbed on the skin for medicinal purposes or as a cosmetic.
"Apply this antiseptic ointment to the cut twice daily to prevent infection."
Related: salve, cream, balm

bandage

/ˈbæn.dɪdʒ/ • noun / verb
6B
ضمادة طبية / يضمد الجرح
A strip of material used to bind up a wound or protect an injured part of the body.
"The first responder carefully wrapped a sterile bandage around the wound."
Related: dressing, compress, gauze

diagnosis

/ˌdaɪ.əɡˈnəʊ.sɪs/ • noun
6B
تشخيص طبي دقيق للحالة
The identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by examination of the symptoms.
"Early diagnosis of medical conditions significantly improves recovery rates."
Related: assessment, evaluation, identification

physician

/fɪˈzɪʃ.ən/ • noun
6B
طبيب بشري ممارس
A person qualified to practice medicine; a medical doctor.
"Consult your personal physician before starting any intensive fitness program."
Related: doctor, general practitioner, specialist

surgeon

/ˈsɜː.dʒən/ • noun
6B
طبيب جراح متمرس
A medical practitioner qualified to practice surgery.
"The orthopedic surgeon successfully repaired the torn knee ligament."
Related: surgical specialist, doctor

operation

/ˌɒp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6B
عملية جراحية
An act of surgery performed on a patient, especially in a hospital operating theatre.
"He underwent a routine knee operation and was discharged the next afternoon."
Related: surgery, surgical procedure

recovery

/rɪˈkʌv.ər.i/ • noun
6B
تعافٍ واستشفاء
A return to a normal state of health, mind, or strength.
"Physiotherapy played a vital role in his speedy recovery from surgery."
Related: recuperation, rehabilitation, convalescence

ward

/wɔːd/ • noun
6B
جناح أو عنبر التنويم بالمستشفى
A separate room or division in a hospital, typically with several beds for patients.
"The maternity ward provides twenty-four-hour specialist care for mothers and newborns."
Related: hospital unit, room, clinic

emergency room

/ɪˈmɜː.dʒən.si ruːm/ • noun
6B
قسم الطوارئ والإسعاف
The department of a hospital providing immediate treatment for acute illnesses and trauma.
"Paramedics rushed the injured driver directly to the emergency room."
Related: ER, casualty department, A&E

first aid kit

/ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd kɪt/ • noun
6B
حقيبة الإسعافات الأولية
A set of materials and tools used for giving emergency treatment to a sick or injured person.
"Every workshop and vehicle must be equipped with a fully stocked first aid kit."
Related: medical kit, emergency supplies

antiseptic

/ˌæn.tiˈsep.tɪk/ • noun / adjective
6B
مطهر للجروح ومعقم
A substance that prevents the growth of disease-causing microorganisms on living tissue.
"Clean the scrape with an antiseptic wipe before placing a plaster over it."
Related: disinfectant, sterilizer, sanitizer

plaster

/ˈplɑː.stər/ • noun
6B
لاصق جروح طبي / جبيرة
An adhesive strip of material for dressing minor cuts; or a cast for broken bones.
"She placed a waterproof plaster over the small paper cut on her index finger."
Related: adhesive bandage, band-aid, cast

vaccination

/ˌvæk.sɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6B
تطعيم / لقاح وقائي
Treatment with a vaccine to produce immunity against a disease; inoculation.
"Annual flu vaccinations protect vulnerable elderly citizens during winter."
Related: immunization, inoculation, booster

consultation

/ˌkɒn.sʌlˈteɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6B
استشارة طبية أو فحص متخصص
A meeting with an expert, such as a doctor, in order to seek advice.
"The specialist charged a nominal fee for the thirty-minute medical consultation."
Related: appointment, exam, discussion

rehabilitation

/ˌriː.həˌbɪl.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6B
إعادة تأهيل وتدريب وظيفي
The action of restoring someone to health or normal life through training and therapy.
"Cardiovascular rehabilitation helps heart attack patients safely rebuild their stamina."
Related: rehab, therapy, recovery

side effect

/ˈsaɪd ɪˌfekt/ • noun
6B
أثر جانبي للدواء
A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment.
"Drowsiness is a well-known side effect of certain antihistamine allergy tablets."
Related: adverse reaction, consequence

nutrition

/njuːˈtrɪʃ.ən/ • noun
6C
تغذية وصحة غذائية
The process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
"Good nutrition is essential for growing children and athletic performance."
Related: diet, nourishment, sustenance

hydrate

/haɪˈdreɪt/ • verb
6C
يرتوي بالماء / يرطب الجسم
Cause to absorb water or other liquid; supply water to the body to maintain balance.
"Athletes must hydrate thoroughly before, during, and after endurance runs."
Related: quench, moisturize, replenish

cardiovascular

/ˌkɑː.di.əʊˈvæs.kjə.lər/ • adjective
6C
قلبي وعائي (متعلق بالقلب والشرايين)
Relating to the heart and blood vessels.
"Jogging, swimming, and cycling enhance cardiovascular endurance and efficiency."
Related: heart, circulatory, cardiac

stamina

/ˈstæm.ɪ.nə/ • noun
6C
قوة التحمل واللياقة البدنية
The ability to sustain prolonged physical or mental effort.
"Distance runners build up their stamina through months of progressive training."
Related: endurance, resilience, energy

flexibility

/ˌflek.səˈbɪl.ə.ti/ • noun
6C
مرونة الجسم والمفاصل
The quality of bending easily without breaking; the range of motion of joints.
"Daily yoga practice improves spinal flexibility and balance."
Related: suppleness, elasticity, mobility

calorie

/ˈkæl.ər.i/ • noun
6C
سعرة حرارية
A unit of energy used to measure the nutritional value of food.
"To lose weight safely, you need a balanced diet with a moderate calorie deficit."
Related: energy unit, kilocalorie

protein

/ˈprəʊ.tiːn/ • noun
6C
بروتين (لبناء العضلات والأنسجة)
Organic compounds essential for the structure, function, and regulation of body tissues.
"Eggs, poultry, legumes, and fish are excellent sources of high-quality protein."
Related: nutrient, macronutrient

carbohydrate

/ˌkɑː.bəʊˈhaɪ.dreɪt/ • noun
6C
كربوهيدرات ونشويات
Large group of organic compounds providing energy to the body, such as starch and sugars.
"Whole grain bread provides complex carbohydrates that release energy gradually."
Related: carbs, starches, sugars

dietary fiber

/ˈdaɪ.ə.tər.i ˈfaɪ.bər/ • noun
6C
ألياف غذائية مفيدة للهضم
Plant-derived food material that is resistant to enzymatic digestion, aiding gut health.
"Apples and oats are rich in soluble dietary fiber, which aids digestion."
Related: roughage, bulk

metabolism

/məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm/ • noun
6C
التمثيل الغذائي / الأيض وحرق الطاقة
The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
"Strength training increases muscle mass, which naturally boosts your resting metabolism."
Related: metabolic rate, energy expenditure

warm up

/ˈwɔːm ʌp/ • phrasal verb / noun
6C
إحماء وتسخين قبل التمرين
Prepare for physical exertion or a performance by exercising or practicing gently beforehand.
"Always warm up for ten minutes to increase blood flow and prevent tendon strains."
Related: stretch, prepare, loosen up

cool down

/ˈkuːl daʊn/ • phrasal verb / noun
6C
تهدئة واسترخاء بعد التمرين
Period of low-intensity exercise following vigorous workout to restore normal heart rate.
"A gentle five-minute walk is an effective way to cool down after sprinting."
Related: recover, taper off, relax

sedentary

/ˈsed.ən.tər.i/ • adjective
6C
قليل الحركة / خامل وملازم للجلوس
(of a person or way of life) characterized by much sitting and little physical exercise.
"A sedentary lifestyle significantly increases the risk of metabolic disorders."
Related: inactive, desk-bound, motionless

routine

/ruːˈtiːn/ • noun
6C
روتين / نظام متكرر منتظم
A sequence of actions regularly followed; a fixed program.
"She established a morning workout routine that starts at six o'clock sharp."
Related: habit, schedule, pattern

moderate

/ˈmɒd.ər.ət/ • adjective
6C
معتدل وغير مفرط
Average in amount, intensity, quality, or degree; neither too much nor too little.
"Thirty minutes of moderate aerobic exercise five days a week protects heart health."
Related: reasonable, balanced, intermediate

vigorous

/ˈvɪɡ.ər.əs/ • adjective
6C
شديد الحيوية والجهد والنشاط
Characterized by or involving physical strength, effort, or intense energy.
"Vigorous activities like competitive squash or interval training burn many calories."
Related: intense, strenuous, energetic

portion control

/ˈpɔː.ʃən kənˌtrəʊl/ • noun
6C
التحكم بحجم وجبات الطعام
The practice of understanding how much food you are serving and eating.
"Practicing portion control prevents overeating without requiring extreme food restrictions."
Related: moderation, measured serving

processed food

/ˈprəʊ.sest fuːd/ • noun
6C
أطعمة مصنعة ومحفوظة صناعياً
Food that has been altered from its natural state, often containing added salt, sugar, or fats.
"Nutritionists strongly advise limiting processed food intake in favor of fresh produce."
Related: junk food, pre-packaged meals

organic

/ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/ • adjective
6C
عضوي وخالٍ من الكيماويات
Produced or involving production without the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial agents.
"Many families prefer buying organic fruits and vegetables from local farmers."
Related: natural, pesticide-free, eco-friendly

supplement

/ˈsʌp.lɪ.mənt/ • noun / verb
6C
مكمل غذائي / يكمل النقص
A substance taken to add to nutritional value, such as vitamins or minerals.
"Vitamin D supplements are recommended during winter months when sunlight exposure is low."
Related: additive, booster, vitamin pill

wellbeing

/ˌwelˈbiː.ɪŋ/ • noun
6D
العافية والصحة الشاملة
The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.
"Workplace wellness initiatives support both physical fitness and mental wellbeing."
Related: wellness, health, happiness

mindfulness

/ˈmaɪnd.fəl.nəs/ • noun
6D
اليقظة الذهنية والتركيز الحاضر
A mental state achieved by focusing one's awareness on the present moment calmly.
"Practicing mindfulness meditation for ten minutes daily reduces workday anxiety."
Related: awareness, meditation, presence

burnout

/ˈbɜːn.aʊt/ • noun
6D
الاحتراق النفسي والمهني
A state of emotional, physical, and mental exhaustion caused by excessive and prolonged stress.
"Working eighty hours a week without adequate rest inevitably leads to severe burnout."
Related: exhaustion, collapse, breakdown

coping mechanism

/ˈkəʊ.pɪŋ ˌmek.ə.nɪ.zəm/ • noun
6D
آلية أو وسيلة للتأقلم مع الضغوط
An adaptation or behavioral strategy that helps someone manage stress or trauma.
"Regular jogging serves as a healthy coping mechanism for managing work stress."
Related: strategy, adaptation, defense

anxiety

/æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/ • noun
6D
قلق وتوتر نفسي
A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome.
"Deep breathing exercises can calm rapid heart rates and reduce situational anxiety."
Related: worry, nervousness, apprehension

resilience

/rɪˈzɪl.jəns/ • noun
6D
المرونة النفسية والقدرة على تجاوز الأزمات
The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.
"Emotional resilience allows individuals to adapt constructively to unexpected setbacks."
Related: toughness, fortitude, strength

recharge

/riːˈtʃɑːdʒ/ • verb
6D
يستعيد طاقته وحيويته
Refill with energy; rest and regain mental and physical vigor.
"Spending a quiet weekend in nature helped her recharge after a demanding project."
Related: refresh, rejuvenate, revitalize

screen time

/ˈskriːn taɪm/ • noun
6D
وقت استخدام الشاشات الإلكترونية
Time spent looking at or using a device with a screen, such as a smartphone, computer, or TV.
"Parents should establish clear rules to limit recreational screen time before sleep."
Related: device usage, digital time

circadian rhythm

/sɜːˈkeɪ.di.ən ˈrɪð.əm/ • noun
6D
الساعة البيولوجية / الإيقاع الحيوي اليومي
Natural, internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats roughly every 24 hours.
"Exposure to morning sunlight helps align your circadian rhythm for restorative sleep."
Related: biological clock, sleep cycle

restorative

/rɪˈstɔː.rə.tɪv/ • adjective
6D
مجدد للطاقة ومسترد للصحة
Having the ability to restore health, strength, or a feeling of well-being.
"Eight hours of deep, restorative sleep is essential for memory consolidation."
Related: healing, rejuvenating, tonic

relaxation

/ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6D
استرخاء وهدوء
The state of being free from tension and anxiety.
"Listening to soothing classical music promotes deep muscular relaxation."
Related: rest, leisure, calmness

deprivation

/ˌdep.rɪˈveɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6D
حرمان ونقص (كالنوم)
The lack or denial of something considered to be a necessity.
"Chronic sleep deprivation impairs cognitive function and weakens immune defense."
Related: lack, loss, deficiency

unwind

/ʌnˈwaɪnd/ • verb
6D
يرخي أعصابه ويهدأ بعد عناء
Relax after a period of work or tension.
"He enjoys reading historical novels in the evening to unwind after a busy workday."
Related: relax, de-stress, take it easy

counselor

/ˈkaʊn.səl.ər/ • noun
6D
مرشد أو مستشار نفسي
A person trained to give guidance on personal or psychological problems.
"The university provides free confidential sessions with an accredited student counselor."
Related: therapist, advisor, consultant

work-life balance

/ˌwɜːk.laɪf ˈbæl.əns/ • noun
6D
التوازن بين الحياة المهنية والشخصية
The division of one's time and focus between working and family/leisure activities.
"Modern employers recognize that healthy work-life balance boosts staff retention."
Related: equilibrium, personal harmony

meditation

/ˌmed.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6D
تأمل واستغراق روحي وذهني
The practice of quiet reflection or contemplation to achieve calm and clarity.
"Daily meditation has been proven to lower resting blood pressure and cortisol levels."
Related: mindfulness, contemplation

mental health

/ˌmen.təl ˈhelθ/ • noun
6D
الصحة النفسية والعقلية
A person's condition with regard to their psychological and emotional well-being.
"Public awareness campaigns have helped destigmatize discussions around mental health."
Related: emotional wellness, psychological state

overwhelmed

/ˌəʊ.vəˈwelmd/ • adjective
6D
مثقل بالضغوط / غارق في المهام
Having a strong emotional effect on; feeling unable to manage excessive demands.
"She felt overwhelmed by the multiple competing deadlines during finals week."
Related: stressed, overburdened, overloaded

social connection

/ˌsəʊ.ʃəl kəˈnek.ʃən/ • noun
6D
التواصل والترابط الاجتماعي
The feeling of belonging and closeness to family, friends, and community.
"Maintaining strong social connections is a key predictor of longevity and happiness."
Related: community, bonding, friendship

positivity

/ˌpɒz.əˈtɪv.ə.ti/ • noun
6D
إيجابية وتفاؤل
The practice of being or tendency to be positive or optimistic in attitude.
"Maintaining a mindset of constructive positivity helps teams navigate challenging crises."
Related: optimism, cheerfulness, hope

preventive

/prɪˈven.tɪv/ • adjective
6E
وقائي واحترازي
Designed to keep something undesirable such as illness or accidents from occurring.
"Routine dental checkups are an essential part of preventive healthcare."
Related: prophylactic, protective, precautionary

screening

/ˈskriː.nɪŋ/ • noun
6E
فحص طبي مسحي واستباقي
The evaluation or testing of individuals for the presence of a particular disease.
"Annual cholesterol screening helps detect cardiovascular risks before symptoms appear."
Related: checkup, testing, assessment

hygiene

/ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/ • noun
6E
نظافة صحية ووقائية
Conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease.
"Thorough hand washing is the single most effective hygiene practice in hospitals."
Related: sanitation, cleanliness, sterility

sanitation

/ˌsæn.ɪˈteɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6E
الصرف الصحي والنظافة العامة
Conditions relating to public health, especially the provision of clean drinking water and sewage disposal.
"Access to clean water and modern sanitation has doubled global life expectancy."
Related: public hygiene, sewerage, cleanliness

immunity

/ɪˈmjuː.nə.ti/ • noun
6E
مناعة الجسم ضد الأمراض
The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection or toxin by the action of specific antibodies.
"Childhood vaccinations build long-lasting immunity against dangerous viruses."
Related: resistance, defense, protection

antibody

/ˈæn.tiˌbɒd.i/ • noun
6E
جسم مضاد مناعي
A blood protein produced in response to and counteracting a specific antigen or pathogen.
"After recovering from the illness, his blood tests showed high levels of protective antibodies."
Related: immunoglobulin, immune defense

telemedicine

/ˌtel.ɪˈmed.ɪ.sɪn/ • noun
6E
الطبابة عن بُعد والاستشارات الرقمية
The remote diagnosis and treatment of patients by means of telecommunications technology.
"Telemedicine allows patients in remote rural communities to consult top urban specialists."
Related: e-health, virtual consultation

wearable tech

/ˌweə.rə.bəl ˈtek/ • noun
6E
تقنيات وأجهزة ذكية قابلة للارتداء
Electronic devices that can be comfortably worn on the body as accessories or clothing.
"Wearable tech like fitness smartbands can continuously track sleep, steps, and oxygen levels."
Related: smartwatch, fitness tracker

longevity

/lɒŋˈdʒev.ə.ti/ • noun
6E
طول العمر والعيش الصحي المديد
Long life; long existence or service.
"A Mediterranean diet coupled with regular physical activity is linked to human longevity."
Related: long life, life span, durability

epidemic

/ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/ • noun
6E
وباء متفشٍ محلياً
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time.
"Health authorities launched urgent contact tracing to control the seasonal flu epidemic."
Related: outbreak, contagion, plague

chronic

/ˈkrɒn.ɪk/ • adjective
6E
مزمن وطويل الأمد
(of an illness) persisting for a long time or constantly recurring.
"Hypertension is a chronic condition that requires lifelong lifestyle management."
Related: long-standing, persistent, incurable

acute

/əˈkjuːt/ • adjective
6E
حاد ومفاجئ (في المرض أو الألم)
(of a disease or its symptoms) of short duration but typically of great severity.
"Appendicitis causes acute abdominal pain that requires immediate surgical intervention."
Related: severe, intense, sudden

sterilize

/ˈster.ə.laɪz/ • verb
6E
يعقم الأدوات الطبية
Make something free from bacteria or other living microorganisms.
"Autoclaves use high-pressure steam to sterilize surgical instruments before operations."
Related: disinfect, sanitize, purify

contamination

/kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/ • noun
6E
تلوث جرثومي أو كيميائي
The action or state of making or being made impure by polluting or poisoning.
"Strict food safety protocols prevent bacterial contamination in commercial kitchens."
Related: pollution, infection, adulteration

ergonomics

/ˌɜː.ɡəˈnɒm.ɪks/ • noun
6E
هندسة العوامل البشرية وتصميم بيئة العمل المريحة
The study of people's efficiency in their working environment and design of comfortable equipment.
"Applying principles of ergonomics reduces musculoskeletal strain for computer workers."
Related: workplace design, human factors

quarantine

/ˈkwɒr.ən.tiːn/ • noun / verb
6E
حجر صحي وقائي
A state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or contagious disease are placed.
"Incoming travelers were placed under a ten-day quarantine during the health emergency."
Related: isolation, containment, lockdown

blood pressure

/ˈblʌd ˌpreʃ.ər/ • noun
6E
ضغط الدم
The pressure of the blood in the circulatory system, often measured for diagnosis.
"The doctor used an inflatable cuff to measure the patient's resting blood pressure."
Related: hypertension, systolic/diastolic

vital signs

/ˌvaɪ.təl ˈsaɪnz/ • noun
6E
العلامات الحيوية (النبض، الحرارة، الضغط، التنفس)
Clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressure.
"Upon arrival at the clinic, the triage nurse immediately recorded all vital signs."
Related: clinical indicators, health readings

respiratory

/rɪˈspɪr.ə.tər.i/ • adjective
6E
تنفسي (متعلق بالجهاز التنفسي)
Relating to or affecting the organs of respiration or breathing.
"Wearing dust masks protects factory workers against harmful respiratory particles."
Related: breathing, pulmonary, ventilatory

holistic

/həʊˈlɪs.tɪk/ • adjective
6E
شمولي وتكاملي (للصحة والجسد والنفس)
Characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors.
"Modern wellness clinics take a holistic approach that integrates physical fitness, nutrition, and mental health."
Related: comprehensive, integrated, full-spectrum

Medical & Everyday Health Chunks

High-frequency natural formulas for clinical consultations, describing symptoms, offering advice, and empathy.

What seems to be the problem?

B1-U6-C01
ما هي المشكلة؟ / ممَّ تشتكي؟ (سؤال الطبيب الكلاسيكي)
📌 Pragmatics: Standard opening query used by doctors and healthcare practitioners to invite patients to describe symptoms.
Doctor / Speaker A: Good morning, Dr. Khalid. What seems to be the problem today?
Patient / Speaker B: I've had a severe sore throat and a high temperature since yesterday evening.

How long have you had these symptoms?

B1-U6-C02
منذ متى وأنت تعاني من هذه الأعراض؟
📌 Pragmatics: Diagnostic time inquiry to determine whether an illness is acute, subacute, or chronic.
Doctor / Speaker A: How long have you had this persistent cough and chest congestion?
Patient / Speaker B: It started about four days ago after I got caught in the heavy rain.

You should take it easy for a few days.

B1-U6-C03
عليك أن ترتاح وتهدأ لبضعة أيام (نصيحة طبية ودية)
📌 Pragmatics: Common colloquial medical advice suggesting physical rest and avoiding strenuous activity.
Doctor / Speaker A: Your ankle is quite swollen from the fall. You should take it easy for a few days.
Patient / Speaker B: Understood. I will cancel my tennis practice and keep my foot elevated.

You must finish the entire course of antibiotics.

B1-U6-C04
يجب عليك إكمال كورس المضاد الحيوي كاملاً (إلزام طبي صارم)
📌 Pragmatics: High-priority imperative obligation to prevent bacterial resistance, even if the patient feels better.
Doctor / Speaker A: Here is your prescription for amoxicillin. You must finish the entire course, even if your fever drops.
Patient / Speaker B: I understand, Doctor. I will take one capsule three times daily for seven days.

You don't have to stay in bed all day.

B1-U6-C05
ليس من الضروري أن تظل طريح الفراش طوال اليوم (نفي الإلزام / اختياري)
📌 Pragmatics: Clarifying that strict bed rest is not compulsory; light walking is permitted.
Doctor / Speaker A: Do I need absolute bed rest for this mild back strain?
Patient / Speaker B: No, you don't have to stay in bed all day; gentle walking actually speeds recovery.

You mustn't drive while taking this medication.

B1-U6-C06
يُمنع منعاً باتاً القيادة أثناء تناول هذا الدواء (تحذير وحظر قانوني وصحي)
📌 Pragmatics: Strict safety prohibition due to sedative side effects of medication.
Doctor / Speaker A: These allergy tablets cause severe drowsiness. You mustn't drive while taking them.
Patient / Speaker B: Thank you for the warning. I will arrange a ride to work tomorrow.

I've come down with a bad cold.

B1-U6-C07
أُصبتُ بنزلة برد شديدة / بدأ المرض يتمكن مني
📌 Pragmatics: Idiomatic expression used to explain that one has caught a viral respiratory illness.
Doctor / Speaker A: You look exhausted and your voice sounds raspy. Are you feeling alright?
Patient / Speaker B: I'm afraid I've come down with a bad cold; my throat is very sore.

I'm feeling a bit under the weather.

B1-U6-C08
أشعر بوعكة صحية خفيفة / لستُ في أفضل حالاتي اليوم
📌 Pragmatics: Gentle British/international idiom to express mild malaise or indisposition.
Doctor / Speaker A: Are you joining us for the team dinner after the workshop tonight?
Patient / Speaker B: I think I'll head home instead. I'm feeling a bit under the weather.

Take two tablets twice a day after meals.

B1-U6-C09
تناول قرصين مرتين يومياً بعد الوجبات
📌 Pragmatics: Standard pharmacist dispensing direction specifying dosage timing to avoid stomach irritation.
Doctor / Speaker A: How should I take this anti-inflammatory painkiller?
Patient / Speaker B: Take two tablets twice a day after meals with a full glass of water.

Are you allergic to any medications?

B1-U6-C10
هل تعاني من حساسية تجاه أي أدوية؟ (سؤال الفحص السريري الإلزامي)
📌 Pragmatics: Standard mandatory safety question asked by physicians and nurses prior to prescribing drugs.
Doctor / Speaker A: Before I write this prescription, are you allergic to any medications like penicillin?
Patient / Speaker B: No, Doctor, I have never experienced any allergic reactions to medicines.

Let me check your blood pressure and temperature.

B1-U6-C11
دعني أقيس ضغط دمك ودرجة حرارتك (إجراء تمريضي روتيني)
📌 Pragmatics: Polite professional announcement of routine vital sign assessment in a clinical room.
Doctor / Speaker A: Please roll up your left sleeve. Let me check your blood pressure and temperature first.
Patient / Speaker B: Sure thing. I hope my readings are normal today.

You'd better see a doctor right away.

B1-U6-C12
من الأفضل لك جداً مراجعة الطبيب فوراً (نصيحة تحذيرية قوية)
📌 Pragmatics: Urgent advisory chunk using 'had better' for situations requiring immediate medical attention.
Doctor / Speaker A: The pain in my chest has been radiating to my shoulder for an hour.
Patient / Speaker B: That sounds serious! You'd better see a doctor right away at the ER.

I'm having trouble sleeping lately.

B1-U6-C13
أعاني من صعوبة في النوم مؤخراً
📌 Pragmatics: Patient complaint phrase used to report onset of insomnia or sleep disruption.
Doctor / Speaker A: You seem quite fatigued today. Is everything okay at work?
Patient / Speaker B: I'm having trouble sleeping lately because of ongoing project deadlines.

It hurts when I breathe in deeply.

B1-U6-C14
يؤلمني عندما آخذ نفساً عميقاً
📌 Pragmatics: Precise clinical symptom description indicating potential pleuritic or muscular thoracic pain.
Doctor / Speaker A: Can you pinpoint exactly where the discomfort is located?
Patient / Speaker B: Right here on the left side of my ribs; it hurts when I breathe in deeply.

Make sure you stay well hydrated.

B1-U6-C15
تأكد من شرب كميات كافية من السوائل وترطيب جسمك
📌 Pragmatics: Health counseling imperative especially critical in warm climates or during fever.
Doctor / Speaker A: What can I do at home to speed up my recovery from this viral flu?
Patient / Speaker B: Get plenty of rest, and make sure you stay well hydrated with water and herbal tea.

I'm pleased to report that you're in good health.

B1-U6-C16
يسرني أن أبلغك أنك بصحة جيدة وممتازة
📌 Pragmatics: Reassuring concluding diagnostic formula after a complete physical examination.
Doctor / Speaker A: How were my laboratory blood tests and ECG results, Doctor?
Patient / Speaker B: All your parameters are normal. I'm pleased to report that you're in good health.

I'd like to book an appointment with Dr. Sarah.

B1-U6-C17
أود حجز موعد مع الدكتورة سارة
📌 Pragmatics: Formal polite formula used when calling clinic reception for medical scheduling.
Doctor / Speaker A: Good afternoon, City Medical Center. How may I assist you?
Patient / Speaker B: Hello, I'd like to book an appointment with Dr. Sarah for a routine skin checkup.

I hope you feel better soon.

B1-U6-C18
أتمنى لك الشفاء العاجل (عبارة التعاطف والتمني بالسلامة)
📌 Pragmatics: Warm empathetic social formula spoken to sick colleagues, friends, or patients.
Doctor / Speaker A: I won't be able to attend the meeting tomorrow as I need to undergo dental surgery.
Patient / Speaker B: Please take all the time you need. I hope you feel better soon!

You ought to cut down on sugary energy drinks.

B1-U6-C19
ينبغي عليك التقليل من مشروبات الطاقة السكرية (نصيحة صحية مؤكدة)
📌 Pragmatics: Moral/healthy obligation phrase using 'ought to' to suggest dietary modifications.
Doctor / Speaker A: I drink three cans of energy drinks every afternoon to stay awake.
Patient / Speaker B: That's terrible for your teeth and heart; you ought to cut down on sugary energy drinks.

If symptoms persist, come back to see me.

B1-U6-C20
إذا استمرت الأعراض، عد لمراجعتي فوراً (توجيه المتابعة الطبية)
📌 Pragmatics: Standard safety netting instruction provided by doctors at the end of a consultation.
Doctor / Speaker A: Take this syrup for five days. If symptoms persist, come back to see me on Monday.
Patient / Speaker B: Thank you very much, Doctor. I will monitor my condition closely.
VOCABULARY MCQ DRILL
120 Diagnostic Questions
SCORE
0 / 120 (0%)
Question 1 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
A continuous high body temperature and shivering are common ___ of a viral flu.
أعراض مرضية
Question 2 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The clinical doctor prescribed antibiotics to clear the severe throat ___.
عدوى والتهاب جرثومي
Question 3 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Applying an ice pack helped soothe the redness and ___ in his sprained wrist.
التهاب وتورم
Question 4 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The child had to stay in bed because his ___ reached nearly 39 degrees Celsius.
حمى وارتفاع حرارة
Question 5 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
After spinning around quickly on the amusement ride, he felt sudden ___ and lost his balance.
دوخة ودوار
Question 6 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Working seventy hours a week without proper rest leads to chronic physical and mental ___.
إرهاق شديد وإنهاك
Question 7 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
During the bumpy ferry crossing, several passengers experienced severe motion ___ and sickness.
غثيان ورغبة في التقيؤ
Question 8 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
She has struggled with chronic ___ for months, often lying awake until 3:00 a.m.
أرق وصعوبة نوم
Question 9 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
He managed to ___ his ankle when he stepped awkwardly off the high curb.
يلتوي المفصل
Question 10 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The hospital X-ray revealed a minor hairline ___ in the runner's shin bone.
كسر أو شرخ في العظم
Question 11 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
A saline nasal spray provides rapid relief from severe sinus ___.
احتقان الأنف والجيوب
Question 12 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
After the bee sting, there was noticeable redness and localized ___ on her forearm.
انتفاخ وتورم
Question 13 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
He got a painful dark purple ___ on his knee after bumping against the coffee table.
كدمة ورضّ تحت الجلد
Question 14 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Eating shellfish caused an itchy red ___ to break out all over his torso.
طفح جلدي وحساسية
Question 15 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The football player fell to the grass holding his calf due to a sudden painful muscle ___.
تقلص أو شد عضلي
Question 16 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Stretching exercises before heavy weightlifting keep your ___ flexible and prevent injuries.
أوتار عضلية
Question 17 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The knee is a vital weight-bearing ___ that connects the thigh bone to the lower leg.
مفصل عظمي
Question 18 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Good posture and ergonomic desk chairs protect the delicate vertebrae of the human ___.
العمود الفقري
Question 19 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The triage nurse placed two fingers on the patient's wrist to check his resting ___.
نبض القلب
Question 20 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Anyone experiencing acute, radiating ___ must seek emergency medical assistance immediately.
ألم حاد في الصدر
Question 21 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The physician noted that the patient exhibited several classic ___ of iron deficiency anemia.
أعراض وعلامات
Question 22 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Thorough hand hygiene stops the spread of viral and bacterial ___ in public places.
عدوى ميكروبية
Question 23 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Anti-inflammatory medications are designed to decrease joint ___ and ease stiffness.
التهاب المفاصل
Question 24 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
A thermometer is an essential household device used to check if a child has a ___.
حمى وارتفاع حرارة
Question 25 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Standing up too quickly when dehydrated can trigger temporary lightheadedness and ___.
دوار واختلال توازن
Question 26 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Getting eight hours of restful sleep every night protects against daytime mental ___.
إرهاق وخمول
Question 27 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Drinking ginger tea is a well-known natural home remedy for soothing mild ___.
غثيان واضطراب معدة
Question 28 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Avoiding caffeine and bright screens late at night is the first step to overcoming ___.
أرق واضطراب نوم
Question 29 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
The goalkeeper had to leave the pitch after suffering a severe ankle ___.
التواء في الكاحل
Question 30 of 120 • symptoms-anatomy
Orthopedic surgeons put the arm in a rigid cast to allow the bone ___ to heal cleanly.
كسر العظم
Question 31 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
You need an official doctor's ___ before the pharmacy can dispense this antibiotic.
وصفة طبية معتمدة
Question 32 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Never stop taking your course of ___ early, even if you feel completely recovered.
مضادات حيوية
Question 33 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Paracetamol and ibuprofen are common over-the-counter ___ used to relieve mild headaches.
مسكنات للألم
Question 34 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Always check the medicine bottle label carefully so that you do not exceed the recommended ___.
الجرعة الدوائية
Question 35 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The dermatologist told her to rub a thin layer of soothing ___ onto the irritated skin patch.
مرهم أو دهان طبي
Question 36 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The nurse wrapped a clean, elastic ___ around the patient's sprained ankle to support it.
ضمادة داعمة
Question 37 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
An accurate clinical ___ is required before doctors can begin the correct treatment plan.
تشخيص طبي دقيق
Question 38 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
You should consult a licensed ___ if your health symptoms do not improve within two days.
طبيب بشري مؤهل
Question 39 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The skilled orthopedic ___ performed a two-hour keyhole procedure to repair the cartilage.
طبيب جراح
Question 40 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
He was scheduled for a minor surgical ___ to remove his inflamed appendix.
عملية جراحية
Question 41 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Post-operative physical therapy is essential to ensure a complete and speedy ___.
تعافٍ واستشفاء
Question 42 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The cardiology ___ in the new hospital wing has twelve beds equipped with modern monitors.
جناح أو عنبر التنويم
Question 43 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Paramedics rushed the accident victims straight into the hospital's trauma and ___.
قسم الطوارئ والإسعاف
Question 44 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Every laboratory and construction site must keep an easily accessible ___ on the wall.
حقيبة إسعافات أولية
Question 45 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Before applying a dressing to an open scrape, clean the area with an ___ liquid or wipe.
مطهر ومعقم للجروح
Question 46 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
She placed a small waterproof ___ over the minor cut on her thumb to keep dirt out.
لاصق جروح طبي
Question 47 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Childhood ___ programs have eradicated deadly infectious diseases like smallpox and polio.
تطعيم ولقاح وقائي
Question 48 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
He scheduled a thirty-minute specialist ___ to discuss options for laser eye correction.
استشارة طبية
Question 49 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Cardiovascular ___ programs help patients rebuild heart strength safely after an illness.
إعادة تأهيل علاجي
Question 50 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Drowsiness and mild dry mouth are possible ___ listed on the allergy medicine leaflet.
آثار جانبية للدواء
Question 51 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Take this medical ___ to the licensed chemist to receive your prescription eyedrops.
روشتة وصفة طبية
Question 52 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Misusing ___ for viral common colds creates dangerous bacterial drug resistance.
مضادات حيوية
Question 53 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Strong prescription ___ must be taken strictly under medical supervision to avoid dependence.
مسكنات قوية
Question 54 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The paediatrician calculated the exact liquid medicine ___ according to the toddler's weight.
جرعة الدواء المحسوبة
Question 55 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Gently rub the antibacterial ___ onto the skin burn three times each day.
مرهم علاجي موضعي
Question 56 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Ensure the sterile gauze ___ is secure but not wrapped so tight that it stops circulation.
ضمادة شاش معقمة
Question 57 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
Blood tests and imaging scans enabled the doctors to reach a definitive ___ within an hour.
تشخيص طبي حاسم
Question 58 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
A general practitioner is a primary care ___ who handles common health issues.
طبيب ممارس عام
Question 59 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
The neurosurgical ___ used microscopic precision tools during the six-hour procedure.
طبيب جراح أعصاب
Question 60 of 120 • treatments-healthcare
After undergoing a successful heart valve ___, he made a remarkable full recovery.
عملية جراحية للقلب
Question 61 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
A diet rich in whole foods, vegetables, and lean proteins provides optimal ___ for the body.
تغذية صحية متكاملة
Question 62 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
During intense physical exercise in hot climates, it is vital to ___ regularly with clean water.
يرتوي ويرطب جسمه
Question 63 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Brisk walking, rowing, and cycling are excellent exercises for boosting your ___ fitness.
قلبي وعائي
Question 64 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Long-distance cycling requires exceptional muscular endurance and aerobic ___.
قوة التحمل واللياقة
Question 65 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Gymnastics and stretching routines develop full-body ___ and joint mobility.
مرونة الجسم
Question 66 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
A single slice of chocolate fudge cake can contain over four hundred ___.
سعرات حرارية
Question 67 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Bodybuilders consume chicken breast, eggs, and whey powder because they are rich in ___.
بروتين لبناء العضلات
Question 68 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Brown rice, oats, and sweet potatoes contain complex ___ that supply steady all-day energy.
كربوهيدرات ونشويات صحية
Question 69 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Eating plenty of lentils and fresh pears increases your daily intake of beneficial ___.
ألياف غذائية مفيدة
Question 70 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Building lean muscle tissue helps accelerate your baseline resting ___.
الأيض ومعدل حرق الطاقة
Question 71 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Always do a dynamic five-minute ___ before sprinting to prepare your muscles for action.
إحماء وتسخين
Question 72 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
After finishing a tough five-kilometer run, take a slow stroll to let your heart rate ___.
يهدأ ويسترخي (تبريد)
Question 73 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Sitting in an office chair for nine hours without moving exemplifies an unhealthy ___ lifestyle.
خامل وقليل الحركة
Question 74 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Establishing a consistent morning exercise ___ makes staying fit effortless over time.
روتين ونظام منتظم
Question 75 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Experts recommend engaging in at least 150 minutes of ___ aerobic activity each week.
نشاط معتدل
Question 76 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
High-intensity interval training is a form of ___ exercise that elevates pulse rates rapidly.
شديد الجهد والحيوية
Question 77 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Learning effective ___ helps you enjoy your favorite foods without gaining unwanted weight.
التحكم بحجم الوجبة
Question 78 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Pre-packaged frozen dinners and sugary snacks are classic examples of ultra-___ items.
أطعمة مصنعة
Question 79 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Certified ___ vegetables are cultivated without artificial chemical pesticides or synthetic fertilizers.
عضوي وخالٍ من الكيماويات
Question 80 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
People with limited sun exposure often take a daily vitamin D ___ to maintain bone density.
مكمل غذائي
Question 81 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Registered dietitians help patients balance their macro and micro ___ for optimal athletic output.
التغذية والصحة الغذائية
Question 82 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Drink plenty of electrolyte fluids to ___ after sweating heavily during outdoor cardio.
يرتوي ويعوض السوائل
Question 83 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Swimming laps is a low-impact exercise that offers immense ___ and lung capacity benefits.
قلبي تنفسي وعائي
Question 84 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
A marathon runner needs both physical ___ and strong mental resolve to cross the finish line.
قوة التحمل
Question 85 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Pilates exercises focus on core strength, spinal alignment, and joint ___.
مرونة الجسم والمفاصل
Question 86 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Tracking your daily ___ intake can assist in maintaining a healthy body mass index.
سعرة حرارية
Question 87 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Fish, beans, and lentils are plant and animal sources rich in dietary ___.
بروتين عالي الجودة
Question 88 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Unlike refined sugar, complex ___ provide sustained fuel for brain and muscle activity.
كربوهيدرات صحية
Question 89 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
A high-___ diet supports healthy digestion and helps regulate blood sugar levels naturally.
ألياف غذائية
Question 90 of 120 • fitness-nutrition
Regular physical activity prevents your metabolic rate and resting ___ from slowing down.
معدل التمثيل الغذائي والأيض
Question 91 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
A balanced lifestyle supports both physical vitality and long-term emotional ___.
العافية والصحة الشاملة
Question 92 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Focusing on the present moment without judging your thoughts is the core of ___ meditation.
اليقظة الذهنية
Question 93 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Unrelenting overtime without vacation days is the primary cause of professional ___.
الاحتراق النفسي والمهني
Question 94 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Engaging in creative hobbies or journaling acts as an effective stress ___.
آلية للتأقلم مع الضغوط
Question 95 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Deep diaphragmatic breathing exercises help reduce situational ___ before a public speech.
قلق وتوتر نفسي
Question 96 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Psychological ___ allows people to recover and grow stronger after facing difficult hardships.
المرونة النفسية
Question 97 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Taking a weekend trip to the mountains is a wonderful way to rest and ___ your batteries.
يستعيد طاقته وحيويته
Question 98 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Limiting recreational mobile ___ two hours before bedtime significantly improves sleep quality.
وقت استخدام الشاشات
Question 99 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Going to sleep and waking up at the same hour daily aligns your body's natural ___.
الساعة البيولوجية اليومية
Question 100 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
A quiet dark room provides the ideal environment for deep, ___ sleep.
مجدد للطاقة ومسترد للصحة
Question 101 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Doing light stretching and listening to soft sounds induces total muscular ___.
استرخاء وهدوء عصبي
Question 102 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Chronic sleep ___ weakens immune function and impairs daytime memory recall.
حرمان ونقص النوم
Question 103 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
After finishing a demanding project, she took a long warm bath to ___ and de-stress.
يرخي أعصابه ويهدأ
Question 104 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Students struggling with exam stress can speak confidentially with an accredited campus ___.
مرشد ومستشار نفسي
Question 105 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Setting clear boundaries between job duties and family life establishes good ___.
التوازن بين العمل والحياة
Question 106 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Studies demonstrate that daily ___ lowers resting blood pressure and reduces stress hormone levels.
التأمل اليومي
Question 107 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Openly discussing ___ reduces social stigma and encourages people to seek professional help early.
الصحة النفسية والعقلية
Question 108 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
When facing three major project deadlines in one week, it is normal to feel momentarily ___.
مثقل بالضغوط والمهام
Question 109 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Maintaining strong family ties and genuine ___ is a proven protective factor against depression.
الترابط الاجتماعي
Question 110 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Cultivating a mindset of grounded ___ helps leaders motivate their teams during crises.
الإيجابية والتفاؤل
Question 111 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Routine annual health checks are the cornerstone of proactive ___ healthcare.
الرعاية الصحية الوقائية
Question 112 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Early cancer ___ programs save thousands of lives every year through timely detection.
فحص طبي استباقي ومسحي
Question 113 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Washing hands with soap before meals is the most fundamental rule of personal ___.
نظافة صحية ووقائية
Question 114 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Investing in municipal clean water and modern sewage ___ dramatically reduced infectious diseases.
مرافق الصرف الصحي والنظافة
Question 115 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Vaccines stimulate the human body to produce long-lasting antibodies and protective ___.
مناعة طبيعية ومكتسبة
Question 116 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Patients in rural villages can consult specialist doctors in the capital via secure ___ video links.
الطبابة والاستشارة عن بُعد
Question 117 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Smartwatches and fitness wristbands are popular examples of health-monitoring ___.
تقنيات وأجهزة قابلة للارتداء
Question 118 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Adopting a Mediterranean diet, regular walking, and joyful social ties contributes to human ___.
طول العمر والعيش المديد
Question 119 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
The hospital staff worked round the clock to contain the regional seasonal flu ___.
وباء وتفشٍ موسمي
Question 120 of 120 • wellbeing-chunks
Unlike a temporary acute cold, diabetes and hypertension are lifelong ___ conditions.
أمراض مزمنة طويلة الأمد

Modals of Obligation, Prohibition, Permission & Advice

أفعال الإلزام، والمنع والتحريم، والسماح، وتقديم النصائح الطبية والعامة

In English, modal auxiliary verbs are used to express obligation, rules, lack of necessity, prohibition, permission, and recommendations. In medical, workplace, and fitness contexts, choosing the exact modal verb is critical for conveying the correct level of urgency and authority.

1. Modals of Obligation & Necessity: Must vs Have to vs Need to

١. الإلزام والضرورة: (Must) مقابل (Have to) مقابل (Need to)

Both 'must' and 'have to' express obligation and necessity, but native speakers make clear pragmatic distinctions based on who sets the rule.

Must (Internal / Speaker Obligation & Urgent Medical Rules)
Used when the speaker feels strongly that something is necessary, or when giving strict medical/safety commands. Followed by a bare infinitive (base form).
Subject + must + base verb
✓ I must remember to take my antibiotic tablets after breakfast. (Personal resolution)
✓ You must wear a protective mask in the sterile surgical ward. (Strict institutional rule)
Have to / Has to (External Rules, Laws & Medical Facts)
Used for obligations imposed from the outside (laws, institutional policies, physical necessities). Changes form with subject (he/she/it has to).
Subject + have/has to + base verb
✓ Doctors have to complete seven years of rigorous training before practicing.
✓ He has to renew his health insurance card every year.
Need to / Doesn't need to (General Necessity)
Expresses physical or practical need; functions as a normal verb taking 'to'.
Subject + need(s) to + base verb
✓ You need to drink at least two liters of water daily in hot climates.

2. Prohibition vs Absence of Obligation: Mustn't vs Don't have to

٢. التحريم والمنع (Mustn't) مقابل عدم الإلزام والاختيار (Don't have to)

This is the single most tested and crucial distinction at CEFR B1 level. Confusing these two changes the entire meaning from 'forbidden' to 'optional'.

Mustn't / Must not = Prohibited / Forbidden / Dangerous (حرام / ممنوع / خطر)
It is against the law, strictly forbidden, or dangerous to do this action. You have NO choice.
Subject + mustn't + base verb
✓ You mustn't drive while taking these sedative painkillers. (Strict safety prohibition)
✓ Visitors mustn't enter the intensive care unit without sanitizing their hands.
Don't / Doesn't have to = Not necessary / Optional (ليس ضرورياً / اختياري)
There is no obligation. You can do it if you want, but it is not required. You have a choice.
Subject + don't/doesn't have to + base verb
✓ Tomorrow is a national holiday, so we don't have to wake up early.
✓ You don't have to pay for the consultation; it is fully covered by your insurance.

3. Modals of Advice & Recommendations: Should, Shouldn't, Ought to, Had better

٣. النصائح والتوجيهات الإرشادية: (Should / Shouldn't / Ought to / Had better)

Used to express opinion, give clinical advice, suggest a healthy course of action, or warn of consequences.

Should / Shouldn't (Standard Friendly Advice)
Gives a strong recommendation or opinion about what is good or bad to do.
Subject + should / shouldn't + base verb
✓ You should stretch for five minutes before running.
✓ You shouldn't consume high-sugar energy drinks before going to bed.
Ought to (Moral & Health Obligation)
Synonymous with 'should' but slightly more formal; followed by infinitive with 'to'.
Subject + ought to + base verb
✓ You ought to see a specialist about that persistent chest pain.
Had better / Had better not (Urgent Warning with Negative Consequence)
Stronger than 'should'; implies that something bad will happen if the advice is ignored.
Subject + 'd better (not) + base verb
✓ You'd better put ice on that swelling right away, or it will get much worse!

4. Ability, Permission & Past/Future Forms of Modals

٤. القدرة، والسماح، وصيغ الماضي والمستقبل للأفعال الناقصة

Modal verbs like 'must' and 'can' do not have full tense systems. We use 'have to' and 'be able to' for past and future forms.

Past Obligation = Had to / Didn't have to (لا يوجد صيغة ماضٍ لكلمة Must)
There is NO past tense for 'must'. To express past obligation, you MUST use 'had to'.
Subject + had to + base verb | Negative: didn't have to + base verb
✓ Yesterday I had to visit the dentist because of severe toothache. (NOT: *I musted visit*)
✓ She didn't have to undergo surgery because physical therapy fixed the joint.
Future Obligation = Will have to
To express future obligation, use 'will have to'.
Subject + will have to + base verb
✓ He will have to wear a cast for six weeks after the fracture.
Permission = Can / Could / Be allowed to
Used for granting, requesting, or describing institutional permission.
Subject + can / is allowed to + base verb
✓ Patients are allowed to have two visitors during evening ward hours.

⚠️ Critical Saudi Learner Diagnostic Pitfalls

⚠️ Critical Pitfall 1: Mustn't vs Don't have to
الخلط القاتل بين التحريم (Mustn't) ونفي الإلزام الاختياري (Don't have to)
In Arabic, both might loosely translate to 'لا يجب' or 'مش لازم'. However, in English: • 'You mustn't smoke in the clinic' = ممنوع قطعاً / حظر قانوني (Smoking is strictly illegal). • 'You don't have to take antibiotics' = اختياري / لست مضطراً (It is not required, your choice).
❌ *You mustn't come to the gym tomorrow if you are tired. (Wrong: implying the gym is forbidden)
✔️ You don't have to come to the gym tomorrow if you are tired. (Correct: it is optional)
⚠️ Critical Pitfall 2: 'Must' in the Past Tense
استخدام Must في صيغة الماضي (خطأ شائع جداً)
English modals like 'must' have no past tense (*musted does not exist). You must always use 'had to'.
❌ *Last night I must go to the emergency room.
✔️ Last night I had to go to the emergency room.
⚠️ Critical Pitfall 3: Adding 'to' after modal verbs (Must to / Should to)
إضافة (to) بعد Must أو Should أو Can
Modals (must, should, can, could, might, will) are followed directly by the bare infinitive (base form) WITHOUT 'to'. (Exception: ought to, have to).
❌ *You should to drink more water. / *He must to take the medicine.
✔️ You should drink more water. / He must take the medicine.
GRAMMAR MCQ DRILL
150 Diagnostic Items
SCORE
0 / 150 (0%)
Item 1 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
All hospital visitors ___ sanitize their hands before entering the intensive care unit.
must للتعليمات والقوانين الصارمة المباشرة المتبوعة بمصدر مجرد
Item 2 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
In Saudi Arabia, all practicing doctors ___ pass the national licensing exam.
have to للأنظمة والقوانين العامة الخارجية مع الجمع (doctors)
Item 3 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
She has a severe eye infection, so she ___ apply the antibacterial drops four times daily.
has to مع الفاعل المفرد (she) للتعليمات العلاجية
Item 4 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
I feel exhausted and run-down; I really ___ start going to bed earlier every night.
must للإلزام الذاتي والعزيمة الشخصية النابعة من المتكلم
Item 5 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Every paramedic ___ hold a certified advanced cardiac life support credential.
has to مع الفاعل المفرد (Every paramedic) للوائح المهنية
Item 6 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
To renew your health insurance policy, you ___ submit your national ID and medical history.
have to لمتطلبات اللوائح الإدارية والتأمينية
Item 7 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
My toothache is getting unbearable; I ___ book an appointment with the dentist today.
must للقرار الذاتي العاجل النابع من شعور المتكلم
Item 8 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Do pharmacy students ___ complete an internship before graduating?
have to في صيغة السؤال مع do/does (Do they have to...?)
Item 9 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Why ___ your brother ___ take blood pressure medication every morning?
does ... have to للسؤال عن التزام الفاعل المفرد الغائب
Item 10 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
You ___ finish the complete seven-day course of antibiotics, even if your throat feels fine.
must للأمر الطبي الحازم المباشر المتبوع بمصدر مجرد
Item 11 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Commercial kitchen workers ___ wear clean hairnets and protective gloves at all times.
have to للأنظمة واللوائح الصحية المفروضة رسمياً
Item 12 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
I promised the coach I wouldn't miss practice; I ___ arrive at the gym on time.
must للالتزام الشخصي والعهد الصادر من المتكلم
Item 13 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
A commercial pilot ___ undergo rigorous annual medical and vision checkups.
has to مع المفرد للوائح الطيران الخارجية
Item 14 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
___ we ___ bring our medical records to the consultation tomorrow?
Do we have to في السؤال عن اللوائح والإلزام
Item 15 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
You ___ present an official prescription before the pharmacist can release this medication.
must للشرط القانوني الإلزامي المباشر
Item 16 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
He has asthma, so he always ___ carry a rescue inhaler in his sports bag.
has to للضرورة الصحية مع الفاعل المفرد (he)
Item 17 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
I really ___ cut down on caffeine; I've been drinking five cups of coffee every day.
must للقرار الذاتي الشخصي لتغيير عادة غير صحية
Item 18 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Does a laboratory technician ___ wear safety goggles during chemical screening?
have to بعد Does في الأسئلة
Item 19 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Patients with severe allergies ___ carry an adrenaline auto-injector wherever they go.
have to مع الجمع (Patients) للضرورة الصحية المستمرة
Item 20 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
We ___ remember to purchase a new digital thermometer on the way home.
must لتذكير النفس بالإلزام الشخصي
Item 21 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
The surgeon explained that the patient ___ fast for eight hours prior to surgery.
has to للضرورة الطبية الصارمة مع المفرد
Item 22 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
What time ___ you ___ check in at the hospital admissions desk?
do you have to للسؤال عن موعد الالتزام
Item 23 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
I have gained five kilograms this winter; I ___ renew my fitness club membership.
must للعزيمة والإلزام الشخصي
Item 24 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
Registered nurses ___ log patient vital signs into the digital system every two hours.
have to للواجبات والبروتوكولات التمريضية المنتظمة
Item 25 of 150 • must-vs-have-to
You ___ be very careful when administering pediatric medicine dosages.
must للتوجيه الطبي الصارم عالي الأهمية
Item 26 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ drive while taking these strong allergy painkillers; they cause severe drowsiness.
mustn't للتحريم والمنع الصارم لوجود خطر حقيقي على الحياة
Item 27 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Tomorrow is a national health holiday, so staff ___ report to the outpatient clinic.
don't have to لعدم وجود إلزام (العطلة تجعل الحضور غير إلزامي / اختياري)
Item 28 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Visitors ___ smoke anywhere inside the hospital building; it is strictly prohibited by law.
mustn't للحظر القانوني التام الممنوع تحت طائلة العقوبة
Item 29 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Your consultation is covered by corporate insurance, so you ___ pay any money today.
don't have to لنفي الحاجة للدفع (معفى ومجاني)
Item 30 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ touch open surgical wounds with unsterilized fingers under any circumstances.
mustn't للمنع والتحريم الطبي الحازم لمنع انتقال العدوى
Item 31 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
The gym provides free sterile towels, so members ___ bring their own from home.
don't have to لعدم الضرورة (اختياري)
Item 32 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Children ___ take adult aspirin dosages because it can cause serious complications.
mustn't للتحذير من خطر طبي قاتل وممنوع
Item 33 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Your blood pressure readings are completely normal, so you ___ take any medication.
don't have to لعدم وجود حاجة طبية للعلاج
Item 34 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Patients ___ eat or drink anything after midnight prior to general anesthesia.
mustn't للأمر الطبي الحاسم بالامتناع التام عن الطعام قبل التخدير
Item 35 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ stay in bed all weekend; gentle walking in the garden is permitted.
don't have to لتوضيح أن ملازمة الفراش ليست إلزامية
Item 36 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Factory workers ___ enter the chemical storage facility without wearing protective respirators.
mustn't لمنع الدخول دون معدات الوقاية للسلامة المهنية
Item 37 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
The electronic health app stores your records automatically, so you ___ carry paper files.
don't have to لانتفاء الحاجة لحمل الملفات الورقية
Item 38 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ exceed the stated paracetamol dosage of four grams in twenty-four hours.
mustn't لمنع تجاوز الجرعة الدوائية القصوى منعاً لتسمم الكبد
Item 39 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
He already booked his clinic appointment online, so he ___ wait in the reception queue.
doesn't have to مع الفاعل المفرد (He) لانتفاء الحاجة للانتظار
Item 40 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ ignore severe chest tightness radiating down your arm; call an ambulance immediately.
mustn't للتحذير الصارم من إهمال أعراض الأزمة القلبية
Item 41 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Since our clinic offers walk-in triage, you ___ make a prior booking for emergencies.
don't have to لعدم اشتراط الحجز المسبق في الطوارئ
Item 42 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Unauthorized personnel ___ enter the radiation therapy suite when the red warning light is on.
mustn't للحظر المشدد لدخول غرف الإشعاع
Item 43 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
She has mild muscle soreness from yesterday's workout, but she ___ stop exercising entirely.
doesn't have to لتوضيح أن التوقف التام ليس إلزامياً
Item 44 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ share personal prescription medications with friends or family members.
mustn't لمنع مشاركة الأدوية الموصوفة طبياً لما فيها من خطر
Item 45 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
The fitness studio provides all yoga mats and straps, so you ___ bring any equipment.
don't have to لعدم الحاجة لإحضار الأدوات الرياضية
Item 46 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Scuba divers ___ ascend to the surface too quickly, or they will suffer decompression sickness.
mustn't للتحذير الحاسم من الصعود السريع أثناء الغوص
Item 47 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
The doctor said the infection is viral, so you ___ take any antibacterial pills.
don't have to لعدم جدوى ولا إلزامية المضادات الحيوية مع الفيروسات
Item 48 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
You ___ remove the sterile surgical bandage until the nurse examines the stitches on Monday.
mustn't لنهي المريض عن إزالة الضمادة المعقمة
Item 49 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
If you are feeling well rested, you ___ take an afternoon nap.
don't have to لنفي الإلزام والضرورة
Item 50 of 150 • prohibition-vs-lack-of-obligation
Drivers ___ use hand-held mobile devices while operating motor vehicles.
mustn't للحظر القانوني المشدد ضد استخدام الهاتف أثناء القيادة
Item 51 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You look pale and exhausted; you ___ go home and get some restorative sleep.
should للنصيحة الودية المتبوعة بمصدر مجرد
Item 52 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ consume ultra-processed foods and sugary soda every day if you want to stay healthy.
shouldn't للنصيحة بعدم فعل شيء ضار بالصحة
Item 53 of 150 • advice-recommendations
People who work long hours at computer desks ___ take regular eye breaks every twenty minutes.
ought to للنصيحة الصحية المتبوعة بمصدر (ought + to + verb)
Item 54 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You'd ___ put an ice pack on that swollen ankle before the inflammation increases.
had better للنصيحة التحذيرية العاجلة المتبوعة بمصدر مجرد
Item 55 of 150 • advice-recommendations
What ___ I do to reduce chronic work-related stress and burnout?
should في السؤال لطلب النصيحة والتوجيه
Item 56 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ drink at least two liters of water daily to maintain proper hydration in summer.
should للنصيحة الصحية العامة
Item 57 of 150 • advice-recommendations
He has a bad cough; he ___ smoke cigarettes or expose himself to cold drafts.
shouldn't للنصيحة الطبية بالابتعاد عن التدخين
Item 58 of 150 • advice-recommendations
We ___ to consult a licensed nutritionist before starting this intensive protein diet.
ought لأن الجملة تحتوي على (to consult)
Item 59 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You'd better ___ those expired eye drops; they could cause a severe ocular infection.
had better not + bare infinitive للتحذير السلبي
Item 60 of 150 • advice-recommendations
___ a beginner athlete start with light weights or heavy resistance training?
Should في بداية السؤال لطلب المشورة الرياضية
Item 61 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ stretch your hamstrings and calves gently after finishing your sprint workout.
should لتقديم نصيحة رياضية بعد التمرين
Item 62 of 150 • advice-recommendations
Athletes ___ ignore persistent sharp joint pain during training sessions.
shouldn't للنصيحة بتجنب إهمال آلام المفاصل
Item 63 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ to get your blood cholesterol and glucose levels checked once a year.
ought لوجود حرف الجر (to) بعدها مباشرة
Item 64 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You'd better ___ a warm jacket; the evening desert temperature is dropping rapidly.
had better متبوعة بالمصدر المجرد مباشرة
Item 65 of 150 • advice-recommendations
Where ___ we go to find certified mental health counseling services in the city?
should في السؤال الاسترشادي
Item 66 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ cut down on late-night screen time to help regulate your natural circadian rhythm.
should للنصيحة الصحية الخاصة بجودة النوم
Item 67 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You ___ skip breakfast if you have an intense physical workout scheduled at 9:00 a.m.
shouldn't للنصيحة بعدم تفويت وجبة الإفطار
Item 68 of 150 • advice-recommendations
Drivers ___ to take a fifteen-minute rest break every two hours on long road trips.
ought متبوعة بـ (to take)
Item 69 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You'd better not ___ heavy machinery while you are feeling dizzy from the flu.
had better not + bare infinitive للتحذير المهني
Item 70 of 150 • advice-recommendations
How often ___ an adult undergo routine dental hygiene cleanings?
should في السؤال عن التردد الموصى به طبياً
Item 71 of 150 • advice-recommendations
If you feel overwhelmed by anxiety, you ___ talk openly with a trusted counselor.
should للنصيحة بالدعم النفسي
Item 72 of 150 • advice-recommendations
People with hypertension ___ consume excess sodium and heavily salted snacks.
shouldn't للتوصية بتجنب الصوديوم لمرضى الضغط
Item 73 of 150 • advice-recommendations
Every family ___ to have a fully equipped emergency first aid kit at home.
ought متبوعة بـ (to have)
Item 74 of 150 • advice-recommendations
You'd better ___ a physician immediately if that fever persists beyond three days.
had better + bare infinitive للنصيحة الطبية العاجلة
Item 75 of 150 • advice-recommendations
Which exercises ___ I practice to improve lower back stability and flexibility?
should في السؤال عن التمارين المناسبة
Item 76 of 150 • ability-and-permission
After six months of intensive physiotherapy, she ___ walk without crutches.
is able to للقدرة المكتسبة بعد العلاج والتأهيل
Item 77 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Patients ___ have two visitors in the recovery ward between 4:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m.
are allowed to للتصريح والسماح الرسمي بلائحة الزيارات
Item 78 of 150 • ability-and-permission
___ you hold your breath for forty-five seconds during the lung capacity test?
Can للسؤال عن القدرة الجسدية المباشرة
Item 79 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Because of the severe knee ligament tear, the striker ___ play in the championship final.
couldn't للعجز والقدرة السلبية في الماضي
Item 80 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Doctors ___ to access patient medical histories securely from any clinic tablet.
are able لأنها متبوعة بـ (to access) للتعبير عن الإمكانية
Item 81 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Are gym members ___ use the Olympic swimming pool on Friday mornings?
allowed to في صيغة السؤال عن السماح (Are they allowed to...?)
Item 82 of 150 • ability-and-permission
When I was twenty, I ___ run ten kilometers in under forty minutes without stopping.
could للقدرة البدنية العامة في الماضي
Item 83 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Despite the heavy storm, the emergency rescue team ___ reach the injured climber safely.
was able to لإنجاز القدرة في موقف محدد وصعب في الماضي
Item 84 of 150 • ability-and-permission
You ___ park your vehicle in the ambulance bay under any circumstances.
aren't allowed to للتعبير عن عدم السماح الرسمي والممنوع
Item 85 of 150 • ability-and-permission
With modern telemedicine apps, patients ___ consult certified physicians from their homes.
can للإمكانية والقدرة العامة في الحاضر المتبوعة بمصدر مجرد
Item 86 of 150 • ability-and-permission
The surgeon said the patient ___ be able to walk again within three weeks.
will be able to للتعبير عن القدرة في المستقبل
Item 87 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Visitors ___ not allowed to take photographs inside the hospital operating theatre.
are not allowed to للتعبير عن حظر التصوير بلائحة رسمية
Item 88 of 150 • ability-and-permission
He was so fatigued from the marathon that he ___ barely stand upright.
could مع barely للتعبير عن صعوبة القدرة في الماضي
Item 89 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Modern wearable smartwatches ___ track heart rate variations with great accuracy.
are able to للقدرة التقنية المتبوعة بمصدر مسبوق بـ to
Item 90 of 150 • ability-and-permission
___ I please speak with the head pharmacist regarding this medication dosage?
Could للطلب المهذب والرسمي
Item 91 of 150 • ability-and-permission
In the rehabilitation center, patients ___ to use the hydrotherapy pool under supervision.
are permitted لوجود (to use) للتصريح المصحوب بشرط
Item 92 of 150 • ability-and-permission
She ___ swim across the entire bay when she was on the national junior team.
could للقدرة والمهارة العامة في الماضي
Item 93 of 150 • ability-and-permission
The paramedic ___ stop the severe arterial bleeding before the ambulance reached the ER.
managed to للنجاح في التغلب على صعوبة في موقف محدد
Item 94 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Underage teenagers are not ___ purchase energy drinks with high caffeine content in certain countries.
allowed to بعد are not للتصريح القانوني
Item 95 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Regular yoga practice enables people to ___ touch their toes without bending their knees.
be able to بعد صيغة المصدر (to be able to)
Item 96 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Soon, artificial intelligence diagnostic tools ___ assist doctors in detecting rare diseases.
will be able to للقدرة المستقبلية (will can غير صحيحة)
Item 97 of 150 • ability-and-permission
Are you ___ lift forty kilograms safely during the warehouse ergonomic test?
able to بعد Are you للتعبير عن القدرة الجسدية
Item 98 of 150 • ability-and-permission
During the medical conference, attendees ___ ask questions at the end of each presentation.
were allowed to للتصريح في حدث ماضٍ
Item 99 of 150 • ability-and-permission
He had severe laryngitis, so he ___ speak above a whisper for five whole days.
couldn't للعجز البدني عن الكلام في الماضي
Item 100 of 150 • ability-and-permission
With proper conditioning and training, anyone ___ achieve baseline cardiovascular fitness.
can لإمكانية التحقيق والقدرة العامة في الحاضر
Item 101 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Yesterday evening, I ___ rush my younger brother to the emergency clinic for stitches.
had to لصيغة الماضي من الإلزام (لا توجد كلمة musted في الإنجليزية)
Item 102 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
If the knee swelling does not subside by tomorrow, you ___ have to undergo an MRI scan.
will have to للإلزام المستقبلي المشروط
Item 103 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
___ you ___ stay in hospital overnight after your minor operation last week?
Did you have to للسؤال عن الإلزام في الماضي
Item 104 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Fortunately, the lab test results were negative, so she ___ take any aggressive antibiotics.
didn't have to لانتفاء الإلزام والضرورة في الماضي
Item 105 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Because of the severe blizzard, all non-urgent medical appointments ___ be rescheduled yesterday.
had to للإلزام في زمن الماضي
Item 106 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Next month, all staff nurses ___ attend a mandatory three-day CPR recertification workshop.
will have to للإلزام في المستقبل المحدد
Item 107 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Why ___ he ___ wear a heavy orthopedic cast on his leg for two months?
did he have to للسؤال عن سبب الإلزام في الماضي
Item 108 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
The pharmacy was fully automated, so the chemist ___ dispense the tablets manually.
didn't have to لعدم الحاجة في الماضي
Item 109 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Last summer, my uncle ___ undergo triple bypass heart surgery in Riyadh.
had to للإلزام الجراحي في زمن الماضي
Item 110 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
When you travel to tropical regions next year, you ___ get vaccinated against yellow fever.
will have to للإلزام الوقائي في المستقبل
Item 111 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
How many days ___ she ___ rest after spraining her wrist last weekend?
did she have to للسؤال عن مدة الراحة الإلزامية في الماضي
Item 112 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
The cut was very shallow, so the emergency physician ___ use any surgical stitches.
didn't have to لانتفاء الحاجة للغرز في الماضي
Item 113 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
He ___ cancel his flight to London because of an acute sinus infection.
had to للإلزام والاضطرار في الماضي
Item 114 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
If you fail this fitness assessment, you ___ repeat the training module next semester.
will have to للإلزام المستقبلي بعد الشرط
Item 115 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
___ you ___ show your medical insurance card at the reception desk yesterday?
Did you have to في السؤال عن الإلزام في الماضي
Item 116 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
The clinic offered free valet parking, so patients ___ search for street parking spaces.
didn't have to لعدم وجود حاجة للبحث عن مواقف
Item 117 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Because my fever spiked to 40°C on Tuesday night, I ___ call the emergency helpline.
had to للاضطرار في الماضي بسبب الحمى
Item 118 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Patients scheduled for dental implants ___ undergo a 3D panoramic jaw scan next week.
will have to للإجراء الإلزامي في المستقبل
Item 119 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
What medications ___ you ___ take when you had pneumonia two years ago?
did you have to للسؤال عن الأدوية الإلزامية في الماضي
Item 120 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
The patient's condition stabilized rapidly, so the surgeon ___ perform open surgery.
didn't have to لعدم الحاجة للجراحة في الماضي بعد الاستقرار
Item 121 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
In the nineteenth century, surgeons ___ operate without modern antiseptic sterilization.
had to للإلزام والظروف التاريخية في الماضي
Item 122 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
If blood sugar levels remain elevated, the doctor ___ adjust the insulin prescription tomorrow.
will have to للإلزام المستقبلي المترتب على الفحص
Item 123 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
Where ___ the ambulance crew ___ transport the injured passengers after the highway accident?
did they have to للسؤال عن المكان الإلزامي في الماضي
Item 124 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
She brought her own lunch to work, so she ___ buy expensive processed cafeteria food.
didn't have to لعدم الحاجة لشراء الطعام
Item 125 of 150 • past-and-future-modals
I ___ fast for twelve hours before my blood lipid test yesterday morning.
had to للصيام الإلزامي في الماضي قبل التحليل
Item 126 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You ___ mix bleach with ammonia cleaning products; the combination produces toxic gas.
mustn't للتحريم والتحذير الصارم من خطر كيميائي سام
Item 127 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
If you already completed your health screening online, you ___ fill out paper forms at the desk.
don't have to لعدم الحاجة لتعبئة النماذج الورقية
Item 128 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
To prevent ergonomic neck strain, office workers ___ position their monitors at eye level.
should للنصيحة الإرشادية لبيئة العمل
Item 129 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Medical personnel ___ wash their hands thoroughly before and after examining each patient.
must للبروتوكول الطبي الإلزامي الصارم
Item 130 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You'd better ___ those wet clothes immediately after running in the rain to avoid catching chills.
had better + bare infinitive لتجنب المرض
Item 131 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Visitors ___ speak loudly or make phone calls in the hospital quiet recovery zones.
mustn't لمنع الإزعاج في مناطق التعافي بالمستشفى
Item 132 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
The fitness instructor explained that beginners ___ lift heavy barbells without supervision.
shouldn't للنصيحة بتجنب الأوزان الثقيلة للمبتدئين
Item 133 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Because the surgery was minimally invasive, the patient ___ stay in the hospital overnight.
didn't have to لعدم الحاجة للمبيت في المستشفى في الماضي
Item 134 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
All laboratory chemicals ___ be stored in clearly labeled, flame-resistant safety cabinets.
must للإلزام القانوني الصارم في تخزين المواد الكيميائية
Item 135 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You ___ consume large caffeinated drinks right before a cardiac stress test.
mustn't لمنع الكافيين قبل تخطيط جهد القلب لمنع تشتيت القراءات
Item 136 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Employees ___ to submit a doctor's certificate if they take more than two days of sick leave.
are required لوجود حرف الجر (to submit) للوائح العمل
Item 137 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You ___ worry about the surgery; Dr. Tariq is one of the most experienced surgeons in the country.
don't have to لطمأنة المريض بأنه لا داعي للقلق
Item 138 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Individuals with chronic lower back pain ___ avoid heavy bending and lifting without knee support.
should للنصيحة الطبية والوقائية لآلام الظهر
Item 139 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Emergency exit corridors in the medical building ___ never be blocked by boxes or equipment.
must للأمر الصارم بالحفاظ على مخارج الطوارئ خالية
Item 140 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You'd better not ___ on that fractured foot until the orthopedic specialist reviews the scan.
had better not + bare infinitive للتحذير الطبي الصارم
Item 141 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Pediatric patients ___ be left unattended in the examination room at any time.
mustn't لتحريم ترك الأطفال بمفردهم في غرف الفحص
Item 142 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
The fitness tracker syncs automatically with your phone, so you ___ enter your steps manually.
don't have to لانتفاء الحاجة للإدخال اليدوي
Item 143 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Anyone experiencing sudden shortness of breath ___ call emergency services without delay.
should للنصيحة الطبية الطارئة الفورية
Item 144 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Healthcare professionals ___ maintain strict patient privacy and confidential data security.
must للالتزام الأخلاقي والقانوني الصارم بحفظ سرية المرضى
Item 145 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You ___ apply direct heat to a freshly sprained ankle during the first forty-eight hours.
mustn't لمنع وضع الحرارة على التواء حديث منعاً لزيادة التورم
Item 146 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
If your prescription is already registered digitally, you ___ carry paper scripts to the chemist.
don't have to لعدم الحاجة للوصفة الورقية بعد التسجيل الرقمي
Item 147 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Athletes ___ stay well hydrated before, during, and after competitive matches in hot weather.
ought to للنصيحة الرياضية المؤكدة المتبوعة بـ to
Item 148 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Construction engineers ___ wear certified hard hats and steel-toe safety boots on site.
have to للوائح السلامة المهنية الخارجية المفروضة
Item 149 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
You ___ ignore chronic insomnia; consult a sleep specialist to identify underlying causes.
shouldn't للنصيحة بعدم إهمال الأرق المزمن
Item 150 of 150 • workplace-clinical-scenarios
Because the flight was delayed, the organ transplant team ___ arrange emergency helicopter transport.
had to للاضطرار في الماضي لنقل العضو المتبرع به