Master 100 core culinary and dining vocabulary items, 20 high-frequency restaurant and hospitality formulas, the complete Quantifiers & Relative Clauses masterclass, 120 vocabulary MCQs, 150 grammar MCQs with Saudi learner diagnostics, and the CBT Reading Lab.
100 high-frequency CEFR B1 food, cooking, and dining words categorized across Lessons 4A to 4E with audio pronunciation models.
| Audio | Word / Phrase | Part of Speech | Lesson | Definition & Context Example | Synonyms / Related | المعنى بالعربية |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
ingredient
/ɪnˈɡriː.di.ənt/
|
noun | 4A |
One of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish.
"Fresh garlic is an essential ingredient in traditional Italian pasta sauces."
|
component, element, foodstuff | مُكوّن / عنصر غذائي | |
|
recipe
/ˈres.ɪ.pi/
|
noun | 4A |
A set of instructions for preparing a particular dish, including a list of ingredients required.
"My grandmother gave me her secret recipe for homemade lentil soup."
|
instructions, method, formula | وصفة طعام / طريقة تحضير | |
|
staple
/ˈsteɪ.pəl/
|
noun / adjective | 4A |
A main food that is eaten regularly by a group of people and supplies a major part of their diet.
"Rice and wheat are staple foods across Asia and the Middle East."
|
basic, essential, primary | غذاء أساسي / رئيسي | |
|
poultry
/ˈpəʊl.tri/
|
noun (uncountable) | 4A |
Meat from domestic birds such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese.
"The supermarket offers a wide selection of organic poultry and fresh eggs."
|
chicken, fowl, meat | الدواجن ولحوم الطيور | |
|
seafood
/ˈsiː.fuːd/
|
noun (uncountable) | 4A |
Fish and shellfish from the sea eaten as food.
"Coastal restaurants in Jeddah serve delicious fresh seafood every evening."
|
fish, shellfish, marine food | المأكولات البحرية والأسماك | |
|
dairy
/ˈdeə.ri/
|
noun / adjective | 4A |
Food products made from milk, such as butter, cheese, and yogurt.
"People with lactose intolerance must avoid all dairy products."
|
milk products, cheese, yogurt | منتجات الألبان | |
|
grain
/ɡreɪn/
|
noun | 4A |
Wheat, oats, barley, or other cultivated cereal crops used as food.
"Whole grains contain more fibre and vitamins than processed white flour."
|
cereal, wheat, corn | الحبوب (مثل القمح والشوفان) | |
|
legume
/ˈleɡ.juːm/
|
noun | 4A |
A plant that bears seeds in pods, such as peas, beans, lentils, or chickpeas.
"Lentils and chickpeas are nutritious legumes rich in plant protein."
|
pulse, bean, lentil | البقوليات (مثل العدس والحمص) | |
|
organic
/ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk/
|
adjective | 4A |
Produced without using artificial chemical fertilizers, pesticides, or other artificial agents.
"Many families prefer to buy organic vegetables to avoid pesticides."
|
natural, chemical-free, bio | عضوي / خالي من المواد الكيميائية | |
|
spice
/spaɪs/
|
noun | 4A |
An aromatic vegetable substance used to flavor food, such as cinnamon, cardamom, or cumin.
"Cardamom and saffron are precious spices used in traditional Arabic coffee."
|
seasoning, herb, flavouring | تابل / بهار | |
|
herb
/hɜːb/
|
noun | 4A |
A plant used for flavoring food, medicine, or scent, such as parsley, basil, or mint.
"Add fresh chopped mint and coriander just before serving the soup."
|
greenery, seasoning, plant | عشبة عطرية للطهي | |
|
preservative
/prɪˈzɜː.və.tɪv/
|
noun | 4A |
A chemical substance used to prevent food or wood from decaying.
"This canned juice contains no artificial preservatives or added sugars."
|
additive, stabilizer | مادة حافظة | |
|
nutrient
/ˈnjuː.tri.ənt/
|
noun | 4A |
A substance that provides nourishment essential for the maintenance of life and growth.
"Leafy green vegetables are packed with vital nutrients like iron and vitamin C."
|
nourishment, mineral, vitamin | عنصر غذائي مفيد | |
|
calorie
/ˈkæl.ər.i/
|
noun | 4A |
A unit used to measure the energy value of food.
"Sugary soft drinks contain high numbers of empty calories."
|
energy unit, kilocalorie | سعرة حرارية | |
|
portion
/ˈpɔː.ʃən/
|
noun | 4A |
An amount of food served for one person at a meal.
"The restaurant serves very generous portions, so you might want to share."
|
serving, helping, share | حصة طعام / كمية مخصصة لشخص | |
|
appetite
/ˈæp.ə.taɪt/
|
noun | 4A |
A natural desire to satisfy a bodily need, especially for food.
"A brisk evening walk always gives me a healthy appetite for dinner."
|
hunger, desire for food | شهية لتناول الطعام | |
|
vegetarian
/ˌvedʒ.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
|
noun / adjective | 4A |
A person who does not eat meat, fish, or poultry.
"The hotel buffet has an extensive vegetarian section with lentil dishes and salads."
|
meatless, plant-based | نباتي (لا يأكل اللحوم) | |
|
vegan
/ˈviː.ɡən/
|
noun / adjective | 4A |
A person who does not eat or use any animal products, including dairy and honey.
"She switched to a vegan diet for health and environmental reasons."
|
strictly plant-based | نباتي صرف (يمتنع عن كل المنتجات الحيوانية) | |
|
beverage
/ˈbev.ər.ɪdʒ/
|
noun | 4A |
A drink, especially one other than plain water.
"Hot and cold beverages are available at the refreshment counter."
|
drink, refreshment | مشروب / سائل للشرب | |
|
delicacy
/ˈdel.ɪ.kə.si/
|
noun | 4A |
A choice or expensive food item that is considered especially delicious or rare.
"Truffles and caviar are regarded as luxury delicacies around the world."
|
treat, gourmet food, specialty | أكلة شعبية نادرة أو فاخرة | |
|
chop
/tʃɒp/
|
verb | 4B |
To cut something into pieces with a sharp knife or axe.
"Chop the onions finely before frying them in olive oil."
|
cut, dice, slice | يقطع إلى قطع صغيرة | |
|
slice
/slaɪs/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To cut something into thin, flat pieces; a thin flat piece cut from food.
"Please slice the tomatoes and cucumbers for the green salad."
|
cut, carve, wedge | يشرح شرائح / شريحة | |
|
dice
/daɪs/
|
verb | 4B |
To cut food into small cubes of equal size.
"Dice the carrots and potatoes into one-centimetre cubes for the stew."
|
cube, chop small | يقطع إلى مكعبات صغيرة متساوية | |
|
grate
/ɡreɪt/
|
verb | 4B |
To reduce food to small shreds or fragments by rubbing it on a grater.
"Grate some fresh Parmesan cheese over the pasta before serving."
|
shred, rasp | يبشر بالمبشرة | |
|
marinate
/ˈmær.ɪ.neɪt/
|
verb | 4B |
To soak meat, fish, or other food in a seasoned liquid before cooking.
"Marinate the chicken pieces in yogurt, lemon juice, and spices for three hours."
|
soak, season, pickle | ينقع اللحم في التتبيلة | |
|
simmer
/ˈsɪm.ər/
|
verb | 4B |
To cook gently in liquid just below the boiling point.
"Lower the heat and let the tomato sauce simmer for twenty minutes."
|
stew, boil gently | يطبخ على نار هادئة | |
|
boil
/bɔɪl/
|
verb | 4B |
To cook food in water that is boiling rapidly.
"Boil the pasta in salted water for eight to ten minutes."
|
heat, bubble, simmer | يغلي في الماء | |
|
roast
/rəʊst/
|
verb / adjective | 4B |
To cook food by prolonged exposure to heat in an oven or over a fire.
"We decided to roast a whole lamb for the celebratory family gathering."
|
bake, broil, cook | يشوي في الفرن (اللحوم والخضار) | |
|
bake
/beɪk/
|
verb | 4B |
To cook food by dry heat without direct exposure to a flame, typically in an oven.
"She loves to bake fresh bread and cinnamon rolls on weekend mornings."
|
cook, roast | يخبز في الفرن (المخبوزات والحلويات) | |
|
grill
/ɡrɪl/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To cook food on a metal frame over direct intense heat or charcoal.
"Grill the fish skewers for four minutes on each side until charred."
|
barbecue, broil, char | يشوي على الفحم أو الشواية | |
|
stir-fry
/ˈstɜː.fraɪ/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To fry pieces of meat, vegetables, etc. rapidly over high heat while stirring constantly in a wok.
"Stir-fry the vegetables with garlic and soy sauce for a quick dinner."
|
sauté, wok cook | يقلي سريعاً مع التقليب المستمر | |
|
sauté
/ˈsəʊ.teɪ/
|
verb | 4B |
To fry quickly in a small amount of hot fat or butter.
"Sauté the mushrooms with crushed garlic until golden brown."
|
brown, fry gently | يشوح في قليل من الزيت أو الزبدة | |
|
steam
/stiːm/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To cook food over boiling water inside a covered pot or steamer.
"Steaming vegetables preserves their natural vitamins and vibrant colour."
|
vapour cook, poach | يطبخ على البخار | |
|
blend
/blend/
|
verb | 4B |
To mix different substances together until they form a smooth liquid or paste.
"Blend the mango, milk, and ice until the smoothie is thick and creamy."
|
mix, puree, liquidize | يخلط في الخلاط حتى ينعم | |
|
season
/ˈsiː.zən/
|
verb | 4B |
To add salt, herbs, pepper, or other spices to food to enhance its flavour.
"Season the soup generously with black pepper and sea salt."
|
flavour, spice, spice up | يتبل بالملح والبهارات | |
|
garnish
/ˈɡɑː.nɪʃ/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To decorate or embellish something, especially food, with small herbs or fruit.
"Garnish the rice platter with toasted pine nuts and fresh parsley."
|
decorate, trim, adorn | يزين طبق الطعام بالأعشاب | |
|
preheat
/ˌpriːˈhiːt/
|
verb | 4B |
To heat an oven to a particular temperature before putting food in it.
"Always preheat the oven to 180°C before placing the cake inside."
|
warm up, heat before | يسخن الفرن مسبقاً | |
|
drain
/dreɪn/
|
verb | 4B |
To cause the water or other liquid in something to run out, leaving it dry.
"Drain the boiled potatoes thoroughly in a colander before mashing."
|
strain, filter, empty | يصفي السائل من الطعام | |
|
whisk
/wɪsk/
|
verb / noun | 4B |
To beat or stir a substance, especially eggs or cream, with a light, rapid movement.
"Whisk the eggs and sugar together until the mixture becomes pale and fluffy."
|
beat, whip, stir | يخفق بالمضرب اليدوي | |
|
tenderize
/ˈten.də.raɪz/
|
verb | 4B |
To make meat softer and easier to chew, by pounding it or adding a marinade.
"Pound the steak with a mallet to tenderize it before grilling."
|
soften, marinate | يطري اللحم ليصبح ليناً | |
|
savory
/ˈseɪ.vər.i/
|
adjective | 4C |
Belonging to the category that is salty or spicy rather than sweet.
"I prefer savory snacks like cheese crackers to sweet chocolate biscuits."
|
salty, seasoned, piquant | شهي مالح أو متبل (غير حلو) | |
|
crunchy
/ˈkrʌn.tʃi/
|
adjective | 4C |
Making a sharp noise when bitten or crushed; pleasantly crisp.
"Fresh celery and carrots make a wonderfully crunchy, healthy snack."
|
crisp, brittle, firm | مقرمش يصدر صوتاً عند المضغ | |
|
crispy
/ˈkrɪs.pi/
|
adjective | 4C |
Pleasantly thin, dry, and easily broken when bitten.
"The chef served fried chicken with an extra crispy golden skin."
|
crunchy, brittle, crackly | مقرمش ومحمص (كالبطاطس المقرمشة) | |
|
tender
/ˈten.dər/
|
adjective | 4C |
(of food, especially meat) easy to cut or chew; not tough.
"Slow-cooking the beef made it so tender that it melted in our mouths."
|
soft, succulent, juicy | طري وسهل المضغ (لحم) | |
|
bland
/blænd/
|
adjective | 4C |
Lacking strong features or characteristics and therefore uninteresting or tasteless.
"Without salt or spices, plain boiled rice can taste quite bland."
|
tasteless, dull, mild | عديم النكهة / غير متبل | |
|
greasy
/ˈɡriː.si/
|
adjective | 4C |
Covered with or containing too much oil or grease.
"Fast food is often criticized for being too greasy and heavy."
|
oily, fatty, unctuous | دهني / مليء بالزيت والدهن | |
|
spicy
/ˈspaɪ.si/
|
adjective | 4C |
Flavored with or fragrant with spices; having a hot piquant taste.
"Indian curries are famous for their rich, aromatic, and spicy sauces."
|
hot, piquant, fiery | حار / مليء بالتوابل الحارة | |
|
pungent
/ˈpʌn.dʒənt/
|
adjective | 4C |
Having a sharply strong taste or smell.
"Raw garlic and aged cheeses have a powerful, pungent aroma."
|
strong, sharp, biting | نفاذ الرائحة أو الطعم | |
|
creamy
/ˈkriː.mi/
|
adjective | 4C |
Resembling cream in consistency or appearance; rich and smooth.
"This mushroom soup has a delightfully rich and creamy texture."
|
smooth, rich, velvety | كريمي الملمس / ناعم القوام | |
|
bitter
/ˈbɪt.ər/
|
adjective | 4C |
Having a sharp, pungent taste or smell; not sweet.
"Dark chocolate with 90% cocoa has an intense, bitter flavour."
|
sharp, tart, acrid | مر المذاق | |
|
sour
/saʊər/
|
adjective | 4C |
Having an acid taste like lemon or vinegar; not sweet.
"Unripe apples and fresh lemon juice have a very sour bite."
|
tart, acidic, sharp | حامض المذاق (كالليمون والخل) | |
|
ripe
/raɪp/
|
adjective | 4C |
(of fruit or grain) developed to the point of readiness for harvesting and eating.
"Sweet, ripe mangoes are soft to the touch and fragrant."
|
mature, ready, succulent | ناضج وجاهز للأكل (للفواكه) | |
|
rotten
/ˈrɒt.ən/
|
adjective | 4C |
Suffering from decay; decomposing and unfit for consumption.
"Throw away those rotten strawberries before they spoil the rest."
|
decayed, spoiled, bad | فاسد / متعفن | |
|
mouth-watering
/ˈmaʊθˌwɔː.tər.ɪŋ/
|
adjective | 4C |
Smelling, looking, or sounding delicious.
"The bakery window was filled with mouth-watering cakes and pastries."
|
delicious, appetizing, tempting | شهي يسيل له اللعاب | |
|
appetizing
/ˈæp.ə.taɪ.zɪŋ/
|
adjective | 4C |
Stimulating one's appetite; appealing to eat.
"The vibrant colors of the Mediterranean salad made it look very appetizing."
|
inviting, appealing, tempting | مشهٍ / جذاب للنظر والمذاق | |
|
chewy
/ˈtʃuː.i/
|
adjective | 4C |
Food that requires a lot of chewing before it can be swallowed.
"These caramel toffees are wonderfully chewy and sweet."
|
tough, gummy, rubbery | مطاطي يحتاج لمضغ كثير | |
|
flaky
/ˈfleɪ.ki/
|
adjective | 4C |
Consisting of or breaking easily into small, thin layers or flakes.
"A good French croissant should have a buttery and flaky crust."
|
crisp, layered, light | هش ومورق طبقات (كالفطائر) | |
|
stale
/steɪl/
|
adjective | 4C |
(of food, especially bread or pastry) no longer fresh and other than pleasing; dry or hard.
"Left out on the counter uncovered, bread becomes stale overnight."
|
dry, old, hard | بائت / غير طازج وجاف | |
|
rich
/rɪtʃ/
|
adjective | 4C |
Containing a large amount of fat, butter, sugar, or eggs and very filling.
"A small slice of that rich chocolate fudge cake was more than enough."
|
heavy, decadent, dense | دسم / غني بالنكهة والدهون | |
|
seasoned
/ˈsiː.zənd/
|
adjective | 4C |
Flavoured with salt, herbs, pepper, or other spices.
"The chef served perfectly seasoned grilled vegetables with the fish."
|
flavoured, spiced | متبل جيداً بالأعشاب والملح | |
|
appetizer
/ˈæp.ə.taɪ.zər/
|
noun | 4D |
A small dish of food served before the main meal to stimulate appetite.
"We ordered garlic bread and hummus as appetizers before our main course."
|
starter, hors d'oeuvre | مقبلات تفتح الشهية | |
|
starter
/ˈstɑː.tər/
|
noun | 4D |
The first course of a meal in a restaurant.
"For my starter, I chose a warm bowl of creamy tomato soup."
|
appetizer, first course | المقبلات / الطبق الأول | |
|
main course
/ˌmeɪn ˈkɔːs/
|
noun | 4D |
The primary or most substantial dish of a meal consisting of several courses.
"For the main course, most guests selected grilled sea bass with roast potatoes."
|
entree, main dish | الطبق الرئيسي | |
|
side dish
/ˈsaɪd dɪʃ/
|
noun | 4D |
A food item that accompanies the main dish, such as salad or french fries.
"Would you like steamed vegetables or mashed potato as your side dish?"
|
accompaniment, side | طبق جانبي مكمل | |
|
dessert
/dɪˈzɜːt/
|
noun | 4D |
The sweet course eaten at the end of a meal.
"For dessert, we enjoyed warm date pudding with vanilla ice cream."
|
pudding, sweet course | حلوى بعد الوجبة | |
|
cutlery
/ˈkʌt.lər.i/
|
noun (uncountable) | 4D |
Knives, forks, and spoons used for eating or serving food.
"The waiter set shiny silverware cutlery beside each guest's napkin."
|
silverware, utensils, flatware | أدوات المائدة (سكاكين، شوك، ملاعق) | |
|
bill
/bɪl/
|
noun | 4D |
A printed statement of the money owed for goods or services, especially in a restaurant.
"When we finished dining, we asked the waiter for the bill."
|
check, invoice, account | فاتورة الحساب | |
|
receipt
/rɪˈsiːt/
|
noun | 4D |
A printed document confirming that money has been paid for goods or services.
"Always check your receipt to make sure all charged items are correct."
|
proof of payment, voucher | إيصال الدفع وسند الاستلام | |
|
tip
/tɪp/
|
noun / verb | 4D |
A small sum of money given to a waiter or server for good service.
"We left a generous tip for our waiter because the service was exceptional."
|
gratuity, bonus | بقشيش / إكرامية | |
|
reservation
/ˌrez.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
|
noun | 4D |
An arrangement whereby a table or seat is secured in advance.
"It is impossible to get a table on weekends without an advance reservation."
|
booking, booking arrangement | حجز مسبق لطاولة أو مكان | |
|
book a table
/bʊk ə ˈteɪ.bəl/
|
phrase | 4D |
To arrange for a table to be kept for you at a restaurant.
"I will call the Italian restaurant to book a table for eight o'clock."
|
reserve, arrange seating | يحجز طاولة طعام | |
|
host
/həʊst/
|
noun / verb | 4D |
A person who invites or entertains guests; to provide the facilities for an event.
"Our host welcomed everyone warmly with Arabic coffee and fresh dates."
|
entertainer, master of ceremonies | مضيف / يستضيف | |
|
waiter
/ˈweɪ.tər/
|
noun | 4D |
A man or woman whose job is to serve customers at their tables in a restaurant.
"The waiter politely explained each special on the evening menu."
|
server, steward | نادل المطعم | |
|
recommend
/ˌrek.əˈmend/
|
verb | 4D |
To suggest something as being good, suitable, or worth choosing.
"Can you recommend a traditional seafood dish from this region?"
|
suggest, advise, endorse | يوصي بـ / يقترح طبقاً | |
|
specialty
/ˈspeʃ.əl.ti/
|
noun | 4D |
A dish or product for which a person or place is particularly known.
"The chef's specialty is slow-roasted lamb infused with rosemary and garlic."
|
special, signature dish | طبق مميز يشتهر به المكان | |
|
diet
/ˈdaɪ.ət/
|
noun | 4D |
The kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats.
"A balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables is vital for long-term health."
|
nutrition, food regimen | حمية غذائية / نظام غذائي | |
|
allergy
/ˈæl.ə.dʒi/
|
noun | 4D |
A damaging immune response by the body to a substance, especially certain foods.
"Please let the kitchen know that one of our guests has a severe peanut allergy."
|
hypersensitivity, intolerance | حساسية غذائية | |
|
cuisine
/kwɪˈziːn/
|
noun | 4D |
A style or method of cooking, especially as characteristic of a particular country or region.
"Lebanese cuisine is renowned for its fresh ingredients, mezze, and olive oil."
|
cooking style, gastronomy | فنون الطهي والمطبخ المميز لبلد | |
|
buffet
/ˈbʊf.eɪ/
|
noun | 4D |
A meal consisting of several dishes from which guests serve themselves.
"The hotel breakfast buffet included fresh pastries, eggs, cheeses, and juices."
|
smorgasbord, self-service | بوفيه مفتوح للخدمة الذاتية | |
|
takeaway
/ˈteɪk.ə.weɪ/
|
noun / adjective | 4D |
A meal cooked and bought at a shop or restaurant but taken to be eaten elsewhere.
"On busy Friday nights, we usually order a pizza takeaway."
|
carryout, takeout | طعام سفري للطلب الخارجي | |
|
guest
/ɡest/
|
noun | 4E |
A person who is invited to visit someone's home or attend an event.
"We prepared the dining room to welcome twenty dinner guests."
|
visitor, invitee | ضيف / زائر | |
|
cater
/ˈkeɪ.tər/
|
verb | 4E |
To provide food and drink, typically at social events and in a professional capacity.
"They hired a reputable company to cater their wedding reception."
|
provide food, feed, supply | يمون بالطعام / يقدم خدمات الضيافة | |
|
banquet
/ˈbæŋ.kwɪt/
|
noun | 4E |
An elaborate and formal meal for many people, often followed by speeches.
"The annual award ceremony concluded with a magnificent state banquet."
|
feast, formal dinner | مأدبة طعام فاخرة ورسمية | |
|
feast
/fiːst/
|
noun / verb | 4E |
A large meal, typically one in celebration of something.
"Eid celebrations always feature a wonderful feast shared among family and friends."
|
banquet, spread, celebration meal | وليمة حافلة بالأطعمة | |
|
jar
/dʒɑːr/
|
noun | 4E |
A cylindrical glass or earthenware vessel with a wide mouth and no handles.
"She opened a fresh jar of strawberry jam to spread on toast."
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container, pot, glass | برطمان / وعاء زجاجي | |
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carton
/ˈkɑː.tən/
|
noun | 4E |
A light box or container made of cardboard or plastic.
"Can you pick up a carton of whole milk on your way home?"
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box, pack, container | علبة كرتونية للمشروبات | |
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loaf
/ləʊf/
|
noun (pl: loaves) | 4E |
A quantity of bread shaped and baked in one piece.
"The local baker pulls crisp loaves of sourdough bread from the oven every morning."
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bread, block | رغيف خبز كامل | |
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pinch
/pɪntʃ/
|
noun | 4E |
An amount of an ingredient that can be held between the thumb and forefinger.
"Add just a pinch of salt to balance the sweetness of the caramel."
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dash, speck, sprinkle | رشة صغيرة بالأصابع | |
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bunch
/bʌntʃ/
|
noun | 4E |
A number of things of the same kind growing or fastened together.
"He bought a fresh bunch of grapes and a bunch of parsley at the market."
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cluster, bouquet, bundle | حزمة / عنقود (بقدونس، عنب) | |
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handful
/ˈhænd.fʊl/
|
noun | 4E |
As much or as many as the hand will grasp or contain.
"Throw a handful of walnuts into the salad for extra texture and nutrition."
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fistful, palmful | ملء كف اليد / قبضة | |
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batch
/bætʃ/
|
noun | 4E |
A quantity of goods produced at one time, such as bread or cookies.
"The smell of a fresh batch of chocolate chip cookies filled the whole kitchen."
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lot, run, group | دفعة مخبوزات أو وجبات | |
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leftovers
/ˈleftˌəʊ.vəz/
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noun (plural) | 4E |
Food remaining uneaten at the end of a meal, saved for later.
"We stored the dinner leftovers in airtight glass containers for tomorrow's lunch."
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remnants, remainder | بقايا الطعام الصالحة للأكل | |
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homemade
/ˌhəʊmˈmeɪd/
|
adjective | 4E |
Made at home, rather than in a shop or factory.
"Nothing compares to the comforting taste of homemade chicken soup."
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home-cooked, artisanal | منزلي الصنع / بيتي | |
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hospitality
/ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/
|
noun | 4E |
The friendly and generous reception and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.
"Arab culture is renowned globally for its extraordinary warmth and hospitality."
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warmth, welcome, generosity | كرم الضيافة وحسن الاستقبال | |
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gather
/ˈɡæð.ər/
|
verb | 4E |
To come together or bring people together into one group or place.
"The whole extended family gathers around the table every Friday afternoon."
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assemble, congregate, meet | يجتمع / يتجمع حول مائدة | |
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serve
/sɜːv/
|
verb | 4E |
To present food or drink to someone at a meal.
"The host served hot tea and delicate pastries on silver trays."
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dish out, present, offer | يقدم الطعام للضيوف | |
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refresh
/rɪˈfreʃ/
|
verb | 4E |
To give new strength or energy to; invigorate.
"A cold glass of mint lemonade refreshes you immediately in summer."
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reinvigorate, revive, cool | ينعش / يجدد النشاط | |
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refill
/ˌriːˈfɪl/
|
verb / noun | 4E |
To fill a container again; an additional amount to fill an empty cup.
"The attentive waiter offered a free refill of coffee before we asked."
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top up, replenish | يعيد ملء الكوب / تعبئة ثانية | |
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airtight
/ˈeə.taɪt/
|
adjective | 4E |
Not allowing air to enter or escape; sealed securely.
"Store ground coffee in an airtight canister to preserve its fresh aroma."
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sealed, vacuum-packed | محكم الإغلاق لا يدخله هواء | |
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potluck
/ˈpɒt.lʌk/
|
noun | 4E |
A meal or party to which each guest contributes a different dish of food.
"Our colleagues organized a weekend potluck dinner where everyone brought a specialty."
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shared meal, bring-a-dish | وجبة يشارك كل ضيف بطبق فيها |
Essential spoken communicative formulas for reserving tables, ordering dishes, checking food allergies, praising meals, and entertaining guests. Click ▶ to hear any formula.
CEFR B1 | أدوات التحديد والكميات وجمل الوصل المحددة
Comprehensive grammar mastery covering Quantifiers with Countable & Uncountable nouns, Too / Enough degree structures, Defining Relative Clauses (who, which, that, where, whose), and Article usage with food and dining.
Quantifiers tell us the amount or number of something. Choosing the correct quantifier depends strictly on whether the following noun is countable (can be counted: apples, eggs, restaurants) or uncountable (masses/liquids: water, sugar, cheese, advice).
| Quantifier | Used With | Meaning / Usage | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| many | Countable plural | Large quantity (questions & negatives) | "Are there many vegetarian options on the menu?" |
| much | Uncountable | Large quantity (questions & negatives) | "We don't have much olive oil left in the pantry." |
| a lot of / lots of | Both countable & uncountable | Large quantity (affirmative sentences) | "She eats a lot of fresh fruit and drinks lots of water." |
| a few | Countable plural | A small number (positive / enough) | "I have a few fresh lemons for the dressing." |
| few | Countable plural | Hardly any / almost none (negative tone) | "Few people understand the complexity of gourmet cooking." |
| a little | Uncountable | A small amount (positive / enough) | "Add a little butter to the pan before frying." |
| little | Uncountable | Hardly any / almost none (negative tone) | "There is little hope of finding an open table on Friday night." |
| plenty of | Both countable & uncountable | More than enough | "Don't worry, we have plenty of food for everyone." |
| several | Countable plural | More than two, but not many | "The chef won several international culinary awards." |
'Too' indicates more than necessary/desired (negative evaluation). 'Enough' means sufficient (placed AFTER adjectives/adverbs, but BEFORE nouns).
Describes an excessive quality that causes a problem.
Excessive quantity of an uncountable substance.
Excessive number of individual people or items.
Notice that 'enough' goes AFTER adjectives and adverbs.
Notice that 'enough' goes BEFORE nouns.
Defining relative clauses give essential information to identify exactly which person, thing, place, or possession we are talking about. Without this clause, the sentence is incomplete in meaning.
Using articles with food follows distinct rules depending on whether you refer to general categories, meals of the day, specific dishes, or single countable items.
General meals (breakfast, lunch, dinner) and general uncountables
Single countable foods or a specific type of meal with an adjective
Specific food or meal previously mentioned or defined by context